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Time-dependent performance in post-tensioned CLT shear walls under varied environment
Published in Airong Chen, Xin Ruan, Dan M. Frangopol, Life-Cycle Civil Engineering: Innovation, Theory and Practice, 2021
Minjuan He, Xiuzhi Zheng, Zheng Li, Qi Luo, Xiling Yang
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an advanced engineered wood product firstly invented in Europe. It has been proved as a strong and competitive construction material for mid-rise and high-rise timber structures. However, as a viscous and hygroscopic material (Armstrong & Kingston 1960; Hoffmeyer & Davidson 1989), CLT could have a performance degradation during the long-term service. Therefore, it’s urgent to investigate the time-dependent performance of CLT structural members such as CLT walls, CLT floors, etc.
Application
Published in Andrew Braham, Sadie Casillas, Fundamentals of Sustainability in Civil Engineering, 2020
Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a prefabricated, solid engineered wood panel. CLT was developed in the 1990s as a result of the sawmill industry’s need to identify a more lucrative use for side boards at the time (Guttmann, 2008). It is a lightweight construction material which also provides dimensional stability, strength, and rigidity along with superior acoustic, fire, seismic, and thermal performance (Brandner et al., 2016). CLT is comprised of an uneven number of layers (typically 3, 5, or 7 layers), which are each made by placing individual boards adjacent to one another. The thickness and number of layers depend on the structural application for which the CLT is to be used. The layers are then arranged orthogonally and glued together under pressure using a polyurethane adhesive. Figure 7.5 displays a diagram of this structure. Similar to other engineered, layered wood products such as plywood, the in-plane dimensional stability is high due to minimized swelling and shrinkage from the cross layering. CLT differs from these previous wood products in its dimensions. The layers used to create CLT are thicker, giving the material larger dimensions both in-plane and out-of-plane, and increasing the versatility of CLT as a structural element. Strengths of CLT panels and laminations are specified in the major strength direction (direction of the grain of laminations in the outer layers of CLT panel), and minor strength direction (perpendicular to major strength direction).
Woods
Published in M. Rashad Islam, Civil Engineering Materials, 2020
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is a versatile, multilayered panel made of lumber placed crosswise to adjacent layers for increased rigidity and strength, as shown in Figure 10.23. CLT can be used for long spans and all assemblies, such as floors, walls, or roofs. CLT is produced in a factory and supplied, ready to fit and screw together, as a flat pack assembly project (APA 2016).
A Generalized Artificial Neural Network for Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Mass Timber Rocking Walls
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
The objective of the proposed ANN is to enable fast prediction of inter-story drift response of a multi-story building with a mass timber rocking wall system as shown in Fig. 1. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a very popular panel product used in mass timber construction and can be used to form rocking wall lateral systems. CLT rocking wall systems usually contain panelized CLT walls, vertical post-tensioned elements anchored to the foundation, energy dissipation devices (e.g. U-shaped steel plate (UFP), Resilient Slip Friction (RSF) joint). These supplemental damping devices typically are attached to the boundary column and reduce drift demands while the system rocks at the edge of the CLT rocking wall panel. Rocking wall system is typically balloon-framed into the building and carries only lateral loads. A slotted shear key connection is responsible to transfer lateral load from diaphragms to the wall without engaging the wall under gravity loads. A realistic example of a post-tensioned CLT rocking wall can be found in Pei et al. (2019).
Behaviour of cross-laminated timber wall systems under monotonic lateral loading
Published in Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance, 2019
C. Hughes, D. McPolin, P. McGetrick, D. McCrum
Over half the world’s population are currently living in cities and this number is expected to increase to approximately 68% by 2050 (United Nations, 2018). To facilitate the growing urban housing and infrastructure demands, governments have been required to assess the way in which cities are planned and constructed leading to a global drive towards smart and sustainable future cities. To address some of the sustainability challenges associated with rapid urbanisation, engineers and architects are being encouraged to consider the use of timber before other construction materials; consequently, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has emerged as a competitive alternative to other construction materials due to its sustainable attributes.
Paths of innovation and knowledge management in timber construction in North America: a focus on water control design strategies in CLT building enclosures
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2020
Mariapaola Riggio, Noura Alhariri, Eric Hansen
Advances in construction technology have created new opportunities for structural timber use in larger and taller buildings as an alternative to steel or concrete. Although traditional wood products, such as dimension lumber, are not typically suitable for mid- and high-rise construction projects, engineered wood products (EWP) optimize the inherent structural properties of wood and overcome many of its limitations. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an EWP manufactured by adhering dimension lumber into cross-layered panels. CLT is used for walls, floors, roofs, partitions, and core elements. Construction with CLT and complimentary EWPs is referred to as ‘mass timber’ construction.