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Nanotechnology and Global Sustainability: The case of water management
Published in Kamilla Lein Kjølberg, Fern Wickson, Nano Meets Macro, 2019
Furthermore, there already exist conventional, sustainable, and cheap water management technologies (cf. Sobsey et al. 2008; Meridian Institute 2006; Hillie et al. 2006). These include conventional water filters (based on ceramic, biosand, fabric filters, etc.), conventional heat and UV radiation, conventional chemical treatment, desalination, and arsenic removal technologies. However, proponents of nano-based water management invite us to see these conventional technologies as inefficient or obsolete. They insist that nano-based management is more advanced and high tech (Tahaikt et al. 2008; Majewski & Chan 2008; Koratkar et al. 2007; 2003; 2005; Xue et al. 2008; Hillie & Hlophe 2007; Theron et al. 2008). Perhaps the flagship devices for nano-based water management are carbon nanotube membranes and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of titanium nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles (Koratkar 2007; 2005; 2003; Brown 2006; Majewski & Chan 2008). While nano proponents argue that carbon nanotubes’ membranes provide advanced micro-filtration of unwanted elements from salt or waste water, SAMs are hailed as superior at removing unwanted molecules and pathogens on-site — including proteins, viruses, bacteria, and oocytes — in difficult-to-reach remote areas (Majewski & Chan 2008; Koratkar 2007; Xue et al. 2008).
Direct utilisation of straight vegetable oil (SVO) from Schleichera Oleosa (SO) in a diesel engine – a feasibility assessment
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
P. S. Ranjit, Khader Basha Shaik, V. Chintala, A. Saravanan, P. V. Elumalai, M. Murugan, M. Sreenivasa Reddy
A 7.35 kW, water-cooled, naturally aspirated, single-cylinder, vertical lister-type M/s. Field Marshal-make IDI engine is connected with 91 N-m, 70 hp power M/s. Dynomerk Controls Eddy's current dynamometer. Technical specifications of the engine and eddy current dynamometer are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. A magnetic water filter filters the water circulating in the dynamometer. The fuel Injection pressure of 175 bar and static injection timing 22o bTDC are kept as it is for the experimentation as recommended by the manufacturer, which is optimised for regular diesel fuel operation. An Eddy current dynamometer was used to load the engine and was calibrated frequently for proper precision and accuracy. The procedure adopted in calibrating the eddy current dynamometer is as follows: two calibration arms are attached to two opposite sides of the dynamometer. Both Pans are hanged on each arm on the pin provided at the end of the calibration arm. Calibrated weights are then applied to the pan. The total weight in the pan multiplied by the multiplication factor 9549.3, provided by the supplier, gives the actual torque that should be displayed on the torque amplifier. The engine test bench is shown in Figure 2.
Evaluating the possibility of utilizing hollow fiber membranes for recovering VOC generated by oil tankers
Published in Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 2021
Yoo Youl Choi, Jeon Ha Kim, Kang Woo Chun
The large-scale membrane system was produced by upscaling the basic membrane module to handle a capacity of 100 (N m3)/h. This system consisted of 20 identical units of the basic membrane modules distributed in parallel for handling large VOC input. Figure 4 shows a structural drawing and an image of this system. Flow rate, temperature, and pressure data were monitored by the same experimental configuration as in Figure 3. The upstream and downstream pressures were controlled by pressure control units located at both ends of the membrane modules. To prevent membrane contamination, a water filter was installed in front of the membrane system. A larger explosion-proof line heater was installed to control the gas temperature. All permeated VOCs were eliminated via a combustion system to prevent discharge into the atmosphere. Sampling ports were installed in the front and rear ends of each membrane stage, and the VOCs were collected in multi-layer foil Tedlar sampling bags followed by immediate GC analysis.
Assessment of thermal regeneration of spent commercial activated carbon for methylene blue dye removal
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2021
Muhamad Zulhelmie Mohd Nasir, Guruumurthiy Indiran, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
The regeneration of spent activated carbon can be categorized into five groups according to the mechanisms and agents involved, namely thermal, chemical, microbiological, electrochemical and wet air oxidation (Román et al. 2013; Da’na and Awad 2017). Among others, the thermal regeneration is feasible and widely accepted, as the other means of regeneration are impractical for industrial applications. A high efficiency regeneration method is able to restore up to 90% of activated carbon adsorption capability. The restored activated carbon can be re-used again to adsorb impurities in air and water (Kow et al. 2016). Therefore, the aim of the present work is to evaluate the thermal regeneration of spent commercial activated carbon from a home water filter system using air and CO2. The restored activated carbons were tested for methylene blue dye adsorption at varying concentrations and contact times. The results were analyzed and the adsorption performance and mechanisms were discussed.