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Building Construction Technology and Management
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
Bath tubs: Bath tubs are usually made of enamel, porcelain, or plastic coated iron or steel. They may be parallel or confined sides. The usual size of the tub is 1.70–1.85 m; width: 0.7–0.75 m; depth: 0.6 m.
Finishing performance of die-sinking EDM with ultrasonic vibration and powder addition through pulse train studies
Published in Machining Science and Technology, 2020
To conduct EDM experiments with ultrasonic vibration, an ultrasonic agitator tub made of stainless steel sheet having dimensions of 300 × 150 × 100 mm from LABLINE, India, is used. The other specifications of the agitator tub, namely capacity, power, frequency and amplitude are 3.5 l, 120 W, 30 kHz and 12 µm, respectively. The reason for the selection of these conditions is given in results and discussion section. The agitator is further equipped with a digital timer of 0–15 min, a drain valve and a thermo-statically controlled heater. The agitator tub is placed on the bed of the main container of the EDM machine (Figure 1(a)). The machining is carried out inside the tub with the work material vibrated ultrasonically in the horizontal direction. The dielectric is supplied into the inter-electrode gap at a pressure of 0.7 kgf/cm2 using the pump available with the EDM machine. When the drain valve is opened, the dielectric flows into the main container of the EDM machine and then reaches the machine tank, thus maintaining the circulation of EDM oil. The schematic of entire experimental set up with agitator tub is shown in Figure 1(b).
Combined class of distributions with an exponentiated Weibull family for reliability application
Published in Quality Technology & Quantitative Management, 2023
Many parametric methods have been used to investigate real data sets with bathtub-shaped failure rates. The bathtub-shaped hazard function provides a conceptual model for not only certain mechanical products but also human lifetimes, and there have been many previous works on parametric methods considering bathtub-curved failure rate functions. Many researchers have investigated reliability as a probability using different kinds of distributions with several shapes of failure rates; among them, a failure rate function with bathtub curve has been one of the most practical models for the application considering its reliability. It plays a very important role in survival analysis and many other real-world applications (Pham, 2002). Pham (2002) developed a new lifetime distribution with two parameters called the loglog distribution. The vtub-shaped hazard rate of the loglog distribution includes distributions not only with a broader class of monotone failure rates but also with increasing, decreasing, and bathtub failure rates. Regarding the bathtub-shaped failure rate function, when the infant mortality period is finished, the useful life of the component, assembly, or system begins in which it fails as a constant rate. A burn-out period follows just after this during which the system failure rate is being constant or slightly increases with the burn out. For the v-shaped function, in contrast, after the infant mortality period, the system begins a relatively low, increasing but not constant function but with an increasing failure rate due to aging. A distribution with a failure rate that increases with time has an increasing failure rate, and it has a decreasing failure rate if the failure rate decreases over time. It is easily seen that when a scale parameter of the distribution is larger than one, then it is an IFR.
Surgical sponge blood salvage spinning device design and testing
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2018
Peter K. Moua, Christopher L. Nguyen, David A. Piotrowski, Mitchell J. Resch, Tasnia Tabassum, Kenneth Noonan, Amit J. Nimunkar
The 3D printing was done at 0.1 mm resolution with 1 mm wall thickness. Infill was varied from 20% to 50% depending on the structural needs of the part. The disposable PLA components consisted of a lid, sponge holder, outer tub and a shaft. The sponge holder and shaft are mated through the central axis of the outer tub, locking the outer tub in place while still allowing free rotation of the sponge holder and shaft. Epoxy seals the mating between the shaft and the sponge holder for a permanent connection.