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Data Collection Methods
Published in Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon, Laura A. Rafferty, Guy H. Walker, Chris Baber, Daniel P. Jenkins, Human Factors Methods, 2017
Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon, Laura A. Rafferty, Guy H. Walker, Chris Baber, Daniel P. Jenkins
Observational techniques are used to gather data regarding the physical and verbal aspects of a task or scenario. These include tasks catered for by the system, the individuals performing the tasks, the tasks themselves (task steps and sequence), errors made, communications between individuals, the technology used by the system in conducting the tasks (controls, displays, communication technology, etc.), the system environment and the organisational environment. Observation has been extensively used and typically forms the starting point of an analysis effort. The most obvious and widely used form of observational technique is direct observation, whereby an analyst visually records a particular task or scenario. However, a number of different forms of observation exist, including direct observation as well as participant observation and remote observation. Drury (1990) suggests that there are five different types of information that can be elicited from observational techniques: the sequence of activities; the duration of activities; the frequency of activities; the amount of time spent in states; and spatial movement. As well as physical (or visually recorded) data, verbal data is also recorded, in particular verbal interactions between the agents involved in the scenario under analysis. Observational techniques can be used at any stage of the design process in order to gather information regarding existing or proposed designs.
Event Analysis of Systemic Team-work
Published in Neville A. Stanton, Chris Baber, Don Harris, Modelling Command and Control, 2017
Dan Jenkins, Paul S. Salmon, Guy H. Walker
Observational techniques are used to gather data regarding the physical and verbal aspects of a particular task or scenario. Observational techniques are used to collect data regarding various aspects of system and task performance, such as data regarding the tasks catered for by the system, the individuals performing the tasks, the tasks themselves (task steps and sequence), errors made, communications between individuals, the technology used by the system in conducting the tasks (controls, displays, communication technology etc.), the system environment and the organisational environment. Observation has been extensively used in the HF community, and typically forms the beginning of an analysis effort.
Data Collection Methods
Published in Nicholas J. Stevens, Paul M. Salmon, Guy H. Walker, Neville A. Stanton, Human Factors in Land Use Planning and Urban Design, 2018
Nicholas J. Stevens, Paul M. Salmon, Guy H. Walker, Neville A. Stanton
There are a number of different observational techniques, including indirect observation, participant observation, and remote observation. The data derived from observational techniques are used as the input to a plethora of HF techniques, including task analysis, cognitive task analysis, charting, and human error-identification techniques.
Development and evaluation of the novel postural loading on the entire body assessment
Published in Ergonomics, 2021
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are the leading cause of workplace disability, which accounts for approximately 40% of the global compensation costs of occupational and work-related injuries and diseases (Rose et al. 2020; Storheim and Zwart 2014; WHO Scientific Group 2003). Poor work posture is a main risk factor for WMSDs (Aarås, Westgaard, and Stranden 1988). Quantification of postural loading due to work is required to reduce WMSDs (Andrews et al. 1998). Observational techniques are the most frequently employed methods for assessment because they are easier to use, less costly, and more flexible than self-reports or direct measurements, and they do not interfere with the tasks or jobs being performed by workers (Chiasson et al. 2012; David 2005; Sukadarin et al. 2016; Takala et al. 2010; Winkel and Mathiassen 1994).