China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Farnesene-Derived Polyolefin Base Oils
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants, 2020
Jeff Brown, Hyeok Hahn, Lynn Rice, Paula Vettel, Jason Wells
The EU Ecolabel is the most stringent ecological regulatory system developed for industrial lubricants. It is an expansion of earlier European ecological assessments such as the Nordic Swan [54] and Blue Angel [55]. The EU Ecolabel is awarded to lubricants that meet the following criteria [56]: The product must not contain any excluded or limited substances and mixtures with Hazard Statements and Risk Phrases that are designated by H- or R- according to GHS (Global Harmonized System) classification.The product must not contain specific substances that are excluded, including metallic components, with the exception of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.The main components and the mixture must meet aquatic nontoxicity requirements.The main components above 0.10% in the mixture must meet biodegradability and bioaccumulation potential requirements.Previously, the product had to contain the required level of renewable raw material. This requirement has been dropped in Ecolabel 2018.The product must meet minimum technical performance requirements.
Environmental Lubricants
Published in Don M. Pirro, Martin Webster, Ekkehard Daschner, Lubrication Fundamentals, 2017
Don M. Pirro, Martin Webster, Ekkehard Daschner
The Nordic Swan was jointly developed by Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, and Denmark. It is considered to be among the most comprehensive and demanding label in Europe because it includes requirements for biodegradability, aquatic toxicity, renewability, and technical performance. The renewability requirements are the most stringent of all ecolabeling programs (minimum of 65% content of renewable material required for hydraulic, transmission, gear oils, and greases). As a result, there are actually very few products that can claim they meet this ecolabel.
A comprehensive review of sustainable approaches for synthetic lubricant components
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Jessica Pichler, Rosa Maria Eder, Charlotte Besser, Lucia Pisarova, Nicole Dörr, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann, Marcella Frauscher
Several national and regional ecolabels, such as the Blue Angel (Germany) or the Nordic Swan (Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Iceland) have been replaced and/or harmonized with the European Ecolabel (8). Essentially, it requires (1) the absence of dangerous materials, referring to the European Union Dangerous Preparations Directive; (2) the passing of toxicity tests (OECD 201, 202, 210, 211); (3) biodegradability; (4) low bioaccumulation; (5) a renewable content; and (6) the restriction of certain substances. European Ecolabel Lubricants shall guarantee high technical performance while replacing petroleum-based base oils with alternatives to achieve an energy portion of 32.5% from renewable sources until 2030. By 2050, the long-term strategy of the EU includes the goals to be climate neutral, having an economy with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, and pursuing efforts to limit global warming below 1.5°C (global average temperature). These goals are in line with the COP21, the climate conference from December 2015 in Paris, and the European Green Deal (7,9).