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Things
Published in Paul Micklethwaite, Beyond Recycling, 2021
FREITAG uses the language of recycling, but we should recognise it as an example of material reuse. A FREITAG bag is made primarily by hand, using low-tech means. Each is made separately, to be unique. A tarpaulin undergoes no significant material transformation in its conversion to a messenger bag. This presentation of reuse as recycling is not uncommon, however, and demonstrates the challenge of distinguishing the two, discussed in Chapter 1.
Hybrid make-to-stock and make-to-order systems: a taxonomic review
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
A mass-customisation perspective is taken by Cattani, Dahan, and Schmidt (2010), who perform a case study of a bicycle messenger bag manufacturer. The manufacturer offers both customised and standard products through an online channel, corresponding to a parallel hybrid setting. The authors show that outsourcing MTS production is not recommended for the manufacturer. Chang and Lu (2010) instead adopt an example from laptop assembly, distinguishing between regular demand and special demand for custom laptops at the main assembly station. Although stylised, the authors provide managerial insights on the sensitivity of different measures to the base-stock level. Köber and Heinecke (2012) work together with a producer of agricultural machinery and illustrate the demand to be volatile. Furthermore, customers are demanding, and profit margins are small, forcing the manufacturer to apply a parallel hybrid strategy. They introduce a methodology to evaluate different production strategies in assistance to deciding on production control. Khakdaman et al. (2015) apply their planning model at a manufacturer of load lifters. Incorporating four scenarios, their robust optimisation model is able to find an optimal production plan in this parallel hybrid setting. Rafiei and Rabbani (2012) perform a case study at a wood industry manufacturing company, which is modelled as a job shop. They use a parallel hybrid approach, significantly outperforming current practice.