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Applications in Automobile Industries
Published in S. S. Nandhini, M. Karthiga, S. B. Goyal, Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation, 2023
G. Sathish Kumar, D. Prabha Devi, R. Ramya, P. Rajesh Kanna
Machine tending robots are highly useful in the area of injection moulding. Injection moulding is a process involved in manufacturing to produce parts in the method of injecting molten material into a mould. This process of injection moulding is done by the robots without any damage to the machine or to its spare parts. Robots perform the functionality of removing the part of a machine, adding inserts, cutting, labelling and laser marking.
Natural Fiber Based Bio-materials: A Review on Processing, Characterization and Applications
Published in Didier Rouxel, Sabu Thomas, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sajith T. Abdulrahman, Advanced Polymeric Materials, 2022
The injection molding method is used for the formation of plastic parts with excellent dimensional accuracy. Products such as house ware, toys, automobile parts, furniture, packaging items, and medical disposal syringes are produced by this method. Injection moulding is a process of forming products by forcing molten plastic material under pressure into a mould where it is cooled, solidified, and subsequently released by opening the two halves of the mold. This process is suitable for all kinds of polymers and fibers. The main advantages of this method are higher production rate, minimum wastage of materials, and production of complex geometry. High setup cost is the main disadvantage of this method.
Design Considerations
Published in David W. Richerson, William E. Lee, Modern Ceramic Engineering, 2018
David W. Richerson, William E. Lee
An engineer with knowledge of the various ceramic fabrication processes has a pronounced advantage in evaluating the fabrication limitations associated with a new design. Processes such as uniaxial pressing and extrusion are very good for reproducibly fabricating large quantities of simple parts. Injection molding can produce more complex parts in large quantity, but greater care is necessary in tool design and quality control because of the increased likelihood of fabrication flaws. Slip casting can also produce complex parts, but in lesser quantity than pressing or injection molding. For high-strength, high-reliability requirements, hot pressing might be considered, but one must remember the difficulties and cost of achieving complex shape by this process.
Robust asynchronous switching predictive control for multi-phase batch processes with time-varying tracking trajectory and delay
Published in International Journal of Control, 2023
Bo Peng, Huiyuan Shi, Chengli Su, Xin Wen, Ping Li
With the popularity of plastic products, injection moulding technology is increasingly used in industrial production. First, the molten plastic is injected into the cavity through a screw. Second, maintaining the pressure in the cavity allows the plastic to maintain the shape of the cavity. Finally, a moulded product is obtained by cooling and solidifying the material of the cavity. The advantages of the injection moulding are that the operation can be automated, the product size is accurate, the product is easy to update and the parts with complex shape can be formed. Reciprocating screw injection moulding machine is shown in Figure 1.
Evolution of properties of parts during MIM and sintering of recycled oxide particles
Published in Powder Metallurgy, 2019
Metal/powder injection moulding (MIM/PIM) is a net-shape manufacturing technique for small, complex-shaped parts [1]. The process utilises particles of a metal compound mixed with a polymer, compacting them to form shaped parts followed by debinding and sintering [2]. They also suggested powder-binder compositions [2]. The feedstock is prepared by mixing metal/ceramic powder with binder commonly in the sigma-blade mixer. In the present work, the feedstock from shop floor waste (metal oxide), pulverised reducing agent and binder are mixed together in different proportions. Kochanek et al. [3] studied reduction behaviour of oxides at temperatures lower than the sintering temperature in order to get reduced shaped bodies, while maintaining their original dimensions. The feedstock made from carbonyl iron powder mixed with binder (10% by weight) was used as a reference to compare the properties of the oxide feedstock determined after every stage of processing. Binder proportion in feedstock varies with powder characteristics and anticipated MIM part complexities [4,5]. Organic binder has various constituents such as paraffin wax (PW), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and stearic acid (SA) which serve different purposes during MIM process steps. Injection of the feedstock into the mould cavity is analogous to plastic injection moulding [6,7]. Injection moulding allows forming parts of complex geometries with greater dimensional accuracy. Injection moulded parts are termed as green parts. However subsequent stage called as debinding is employed in MIM to remove these binder constituents. Debinding occurs in two stages. Sacrificial binder (like PW, PEG) is removed by solvent debinding wherein parts are immersed in a solvent for a considerable period of time. Catalytic debinding is another process used for volume production of MIM parts which utilises a gaseous acid environment. In some cases, supercritical CO2 is also used as solvent for accelerated removal of sacrificial binders [8]. In thermal debinding stage, the backbone binder (HDPE) is removed by heating the parts in vacuum to facilitate binder decomposition [9]. After thermal debinding, sintering is either performed in a same furnace in vacuum to avoid handling of fragile parts or pre-sintered in vacuum and transformed to high-temperature furnace where sintering inert gas atmosphere is possible is [10,11]. During debinding stages considerable amount of binder is removed leaving behind porous parts. This makes them fragile and difficult to handle in that condition. Sintered parts have inter-particle bonding, thus metallic microstructure and relatively superior mechanical properties.