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Low Temperature Gas Carburising for Austenitic Stainless Steels: The NV-Pionite Process
Published in Tom Bell, Katsuya Akamatsu, Stainless Steel 2000, 2020
K. Aoki, T. Shirahata, M. Tahara, K. Kitano
The specimens treated in this study were produced under laboratory conditions for both the processes of fluoridation and carburising. Figure 2 shows a schematic drawing of the apparatus consisting of a conventional pit furnace with a gas blending manifold, gas supply system, exhaust gas treatment unit and a temperature measurement and control system. As illustrated, the gas mixture entered and left at the top of furnace. Specimens to be treated are loaded into a work basket, which is placed on the bottom of the retort. After loading and sealing the furnace at the start of the treating cycle, the air was purged from the retort with N2 gas.
Nitrogen Rejection
Published in Arthur J. Kidnay, William R. Parrish, Daniel G. McCartney, Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, 2019
Arthur J. Kidnay, William R. Parrish, Daniel G. McCartney
When a natural gas has excessive nitrogen levels, three options are available (Engineering Data Book, 2016b): Gas blending to meet pipeline specificationsAccepting a reduced price for the gasRemoving sufficient nitrogen to meet sales specifications
Operating Experience
Published in Bell John W., Proceedings of the 44th Industrial Waste Conference May 9, 10, 11, 1989, 1990
Terry W. Stebor, Craig L. Berndt, Stephen Marman, Richard Gabriel
Recovered biogas is transported via an underground pipeline to the boiler plant where it is consumed by a multi-fuel boiler burner equipped with commercial natural gas blending capability and an oxygen trim package to optimize combustion efficiency.
A Multi-Model Prediction Method for Coal Mine Gas Concentration with Hierarchical Structure
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2022
ZhaoZhao Zhang, Qiang Dai, YingQin Zhu
China has very rich coal resources, and the consumption and output of coal are very high (Niu et al. 2020). As the coal seam is mined from shallow to deep, the amount of gas released by the coal seam increases significantly. However, the concentration of the extracted gas is low and the fluctuation is large (Qiao et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2021), so it cannot be directly sent to the generator set for power generation. In addition, the main component of gas, CH4, is a greenhouse gas. If gas is directly released into the air, it will have a greenhouse effect that is about 21 times greater than that of carbon dioxide (Nisbet et al. 2019). This leads to serious environmental and economic concerns (Sohani et al. 2022). The use of gas blending technology maximizes the use of the gas extracted from the mine. The gas extracted from the mine is mixed with a certain proportion of gas, and the gas whose concentration meets the requirements of gas power generation is sent to the generator set for power generation (Zhang 2019). It can not only alleviate the shortage of power supply in coal mining areas but also generate huge ecological and economic benefits, and reduce the threat of coal mine gas disasters (Li et al. 2021).
Hydrogen, Methane, Ethylene and Propylene Blending on the Ignition Delay Time of n-Heptane/Toluene Mixtures under Homogeneous and Nonpremixed Counterflowing Conditions
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2021
Wenfeng Shen, Yang Zhang, Xiehe Yang, Hai Zhang
The results of Figures 4 and 12 show that without light gas blending (Xc = 0), τi is ~ 0.8 ms and ~1.2 ms for the stretched nonpremixed flame at a stretch of 50 s−1 and 300 s−1 respectively, while τi is ~0.2 ms for the homogeneous mixture. That is, the stretched blending-free nonpremixed flame has a much longer τi, and at a smaller stretch, τi is smaller. More importantly, the effect of light gas blending is different in the two configurations. In the homogeneous system, Xc = 0.5, the maximum change of τi with C2H4 blending is ~ 40%, while that for H2 or CH4 blending is only ~10%. In a counterflowing system with the same Xc, however, the blending of C2H4 can shorten τi more than two times to ~0.6 ms, still longer than that of a homogeneous mixture. Very differently, the addition of H2 can shorten τi nearly 10 times to a value ~0.13 ms, even shorter than that of a homogeneous mixture (~0.18 ms).