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Economics and Environmental Impact of Materials and Processes
Published in Mahmoud M. Farag, Materials and Process Selection for Engineering Design, 2020
Jigs and fixtures are special production tools that are specially designed for quick and accurate location of the workpiece during manufacture. A fixture is a special work-holding device that holds the workpiece during machining, welding, assembly, etc. It is usually designed to facilitate setup or holding of a particular part or shape. A jig, however, not only holds the workpiece but also guides the tools, as in drill jigs, or accurately locates the parts of the work relative to each other, as in welding jigs. Such production tools are expensive and their cost adds to the total production cost. It is, therefore, important to make sure that they can be justified economically by the saving in production time that will result from their use. The following factors must be considered when considering the economics of special tooling: The cost of the special toolingInterest rate on the cost of the toolingSavings in labor cost as a result of using the toolingSavings in machine cost as a result of increased productivityThe number of units that will be produced using the tooling
Integration System for Fixture Layout Design
Published in Awais Ahmad Khan, Emad Abouel Nasr, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Syed Hammad Mian, Integrated Process & Fixture Planning, 2018
Awais Ahmad Khan, Emad Abouel Nasr, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Syed Hammad Mian
A fixture can be defined as a device for locating, holding, and supporting a workpiece in a manufacturing operation. It constitutes an essential element of production processes because the fixture is needed in most of the automated manufacturing, inspection, and assembly operations. However, the fixture must correctly locate the workpiece in a given orientation with respect to the cutting tool or measuring device, or with respect to another component, for example, in assembly or welding. Such location must be stable in order to achieve the proper clamping and securing of the workpiece in that particular location for the processing operation [2].
Energy-efficient illuminating system components — light sources, ballasts, and luminaires
Published in Kao Chen, Energy Management in Illuminating Systems, 2018
In the electronic ballast, it is expected to see more plug-in-type ballast connections, which have been popular in Europe for a number of years. The use of such connections simplifies manufacturing of fixtures, makes field maintenance more economical, improves reliability, and leads to a higher degree of safety.
Integrating the setup planning with fixture design practice by concurrent consideration of machining and fixture design principles
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) has a vital role in integrating CAD and CAM (Leo Kumar 2019). Such an integration is necessary for developing computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIM) and adding flexibility to manufacturing system to reduce manufacturing cost (Shin et al. 2020). It is worth to mention that manufacturing companies not only want to add flexibility in software but also try to bring more flexibility in equipment by using the concept of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (Battaïa, Dolgui, and Guschinsky 2017; Touzout and Benyoucef 2019; Battaïa, Dolgui, and Guschinsky 2020). It is also necessary to employ an effective CAPP system to achieve high productivity in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) (Wang 2015). The setup planning comprises the central part of CAPP systems, which is done on the basis of manufacturing information of the features such as tool direction, machining rules and reference faces. The setup planning includes determination of setups, deciding the sequence of operations within each setup, and fixture design for the setups (Xu, Huang, and Rong 2007). It is noteworthy that the integration mentioned above can also impart positive environmental influence. The fixture design, as an important part of manufacturing, directly influences the accuracy, productivity, and quality. It would thus have environmental influence (Vukelic et al. 2019). The impact of manufacturing activities on the ecosystem and the energy consumption are now considered as critical and need to be taken into consideration (Shojaeipour 2015; Ben Slama, Gaha, and Benamara 2019).
Change management in modular assembly systems to correspond to product geometry change
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2019
Hossein Tohidi, Tarek AlGeddawy
On the machine level, fixtures are fundamental components of the manufacturing process, since they are used to hold parts in place during different operations to keep them secured in specific positions by avoiding shaking and slippage. Since 40% of rejected parts are the result of poor fixturing (Wang et al. 2010), fixturing has become a very complex task which is usually done by experienced people using CAD and simulation-based tools (Peng et al. 2010). That includes setup and fixture planning, fixture configuration design, and fixture design verification (Rong and Bai 1997). In addition to production quality, production cost is also highly dependent on fixturing (Wang et al. 2010; Jonsson and Ossbahr 2010), since fixturing associated cost is estimated to be between 10% and 20% of the total manufacturing system costs (Hou and Trappey 2001; Bi and Zhang 2001; Wang et al. 2010).
Knowledge-based expert system in manufacturing planning: state-of-the-art review
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2019
García-Crespo et al. (2009) highlighted cost and price fixation methods in which KBS can be implemented. Recommendations on future requirements of KBS for price estimation of also presented. Fixtures used for production have direct influence on part quality, productivity and cost. Wang et al. (2010) performed a review on use of computer in fixture design and their automation for the decade between 2000 and 2010. Fixtures types and their applications, various approaches include intelligent and automatic fixture design methods, fixture configuration layouts and verification procedure are highlighted. Statistical analysis and future research direction also presented. Li, Xie, and Xu (2011) performed review on recent development of KBS. Knowledge acquisition techniques, rule- and case-based system approaches for developing the knowledge base, software tools are presented. Real-time application in manufacturing and future research direction are also presented. Tripathi (2011) discussed about the architecture, characteristics, life style, knowledge representation techniques and applications of KB-ES in Human Resource.