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Selecting an Export Market
Published in Sarita D. Jackson, International Trade in Services, 2021
Gathering information on the top markets for consideration for a service firm’s exports requires deeper insight into what contributes to more or less stability at any given time. Using the statistical databases on understanding trends, the potential export market can be identified by looking at the top export markets for a specific service in terms of dollar value or other currency over a period of time. Secondly, the annual percentage of growth shows which potential export markets are growing quickly. The research shared here goes beyond the numbers to emphasize gathering information that tells the story behind the numbers. In other words, to fully understand the journey ahead, a PESTLE (Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) analysis serves as a roadmap.
Introduction
Published in Shigeru Thomas Otsubo, Christian Samen Otchia, Designing Integrated Industrial Policies Volume I, 2020
Shigeru Thomas Otsubo, Christian Samen Otchia
In Chapter 12, “Promoting exports by the ASEAN SMEs: impediments, drivers, and conducive policies,” Jitsutthiphakorn and Otsubo look at impediments, drivers, and conducive policies in internationalizing SMEs in developing countries. Access to export markets often signifies higher productivity and competitiveness, leading to firms’ ability to survive. Using the World Bank Enterprise Surveys of eight countries in ASEAN, the authors introduce export experiences of these eight ASEAN countries in comparison to those of the East Asian economies, focusing on SMEs’ shares in total employment, exports, and GDP. The need for higher export performance by the ASEAN SMEs is discussed. This chapter analyzes the dynamic changes in the problems faced by ASEAN firms, separately by country, by firm size, and by sector. The issue is discussed in the context of internal factors (firm characteristics, access to finance, ICT) and external factors (trade facilitation, real effective exchange rate, policies conducive to SME promotion) that may influence the export activities of SMEs. The chapter then introduces key results obtained from econometric analyses on the drivers of SMEs’ export activities.
International construction project exports
Published in J.C. Edison, Infrastructure Development and Construction Management, 2020
Export is the most common method of entry into international markets. Exports expands the markets, brings economies of scale due to increased production, more foreign exchange and employment opportunities. India began construction project exports in the 1970s. The export of engineering goods on deferred payment terms and the execution of turnkey projects and civil construction contracts abroad are collectively referred to as ‘project exports’ (RBI, 2003). The Memorandum of Instructions on Project Exports and Service Exports (PEM), generally known as the Project Export Manual, contains instructions for exporters engaged in project exports. The current chapter provides details of the global construction market and project exports from India. The complexities of international contracting, factors in bidding for international projects, the overseas contract tendering process, the clearance of project export proposals, requirements relating to completed projects, the steps to be taken by exporters on completion of contracts and preparation of the final report are explained in this chapter, which includes a case study.
A multi-agent framework for container booking and slot allocation in maritime shipping
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2022
Jasashwi Mandal, Adrijit Goswami, Sushma Kumari, Nishikant Mishra
It is necessary to complete export custom clearance when shipping cargo by sea. All enterprises that export goods from the country must clear various customs restrictions that the government has set up. A standard part of the customs clearance procedure is preparing documents to be submitted online or offline with the consignment. This makes it easier for the authorities to calculate the cargo’s duties and charges. The official documents of export permission from the government are required depending on the cargo. The documents like customs packing list, proforma invoice, country of origin (or COO) certificate, shipping bill, commercial invoice, airway bill or bill of lading, bill of sight, bill of exchange, warehouse receipt, letter of credit export license, and health certificates are required for exports customs clearance. In this connection, customs agent extracts all the information about the cargo shipment and helps the shipper to prepare and submit the customs clearance documents in advance. If the shipper fails to arrange the proper documentation, the cargo will not be exported or will fail to pass through customs clearance at the destination.
Digitalization in the sea-land supply chain: experiences from Italy in rethinking the port operations within inter-organizational relationships
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2020
Assunta Di Vaio, Luisa Varriale
Finally, the SUD enables port users to submit documents at a single location and/or as a single entity. Such documents are typically customs declarations, applications for import/export permits, and other supporting documents such as certificates of origin and trading invoices. The main scope of the local government and public authorities involved is to increase efficiency through time and cost savings for users in their dealings with government authorities. Thanks to the digitalization of the process, the SUD allows requests and control certifications and authorizations via computer. At the same time, the customs forwarder validates the MMA, sending the closing record to AIDA. The AIDA system issues the status of clearable or not clearable. The customs forwarder again sends the MMA, integrated with A3, to TPCS. The freight forwarder checks the status of A3 on TPCS and sends the customs bills for the A3 to AIDA with the status of clearable. Finally, the freight forwarder obtaining the customs release sends the inbound loading list to TPCS. Information is available for the terminal, but also for all port users, such as shipping agencies, carriers, and so forth (Figure 3).