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C&G Unit 305: Electrical systems design
Published in Trevor Linsley, Advanced Electrical Installation Work, 2019
Metallic trunking is formed from mild steel sheet, coated with grey or silver enamel paint for internal use or a hot-dipped galvanized coating where damp conditions might be encountered and made to a specification defined by BS EN 500 85. A wide range of accessories is available, such as 45° bends, 90° bends, three- and four-way junctions, for speedy on-site assembly. Alternatively, bends may be fabricated in lengths of trunking, as shown in Fig. 6.24. This may be necessary or more convenient if a bend or set is non-standard, but it does take more time to fabricate bends than merely to bolt on standard accessories. Insulated non- sheathed cables are permitted in a trunking system which provides at least the degree of protection IPXXD (which means total protection) or IP4X which means protection from a solid object greater than 1.0 mm such as a thin wire or strip. For site fabricated joints such as that shown in Fig. 6.24, the installer must confirm that the completed item meets at least IPXXD (IET Regulation 521.10).
Automotive finishing and re-finishing
Published in Andrew Livesey, Alan Robinson, The Repair of Vehicle Bodies, 2018
There are four main car refinishing paints at the refinisher’s disposal: cellulose synthetic (half-hour enamel) paint, acrylic resin paint, low-bake synthetic paint and two-pack paints. Cellulose synthetic and low-bake synthetics are used as repair materials over the high-bake synthetics applied by the car manufacturers; in addition, of course, they can be used for complete resprays. Acrylics are best used on repair work over an original high-bake acrylic finish but can also be used as a refinishing material on complete resprays. To determine whether a paint is suitable for repairing a particular job, a flat area should be chosen and a wet coat of the paint sprayed onto it. If wrinkling or lifting occurs this is proof that the solvent is too strong and will probably lift the existing finish.
Electrical installation methods, procedures and requirements
Published in Trevor Linsley, Electrical Installation Work Level 2, 2019
Metallic trunking is formed from mild steel sheet, coated with grey or silver enamel paint for internal use or a hot-dipped galvanized coating where damp conditions might be encountered and made to a specification defined by BS EN 500 85. A wide range of accessories is available, such as 45° bends, 90° bends, tee and four-way junctions, for speedy on-site assembly. Alternatively, bends may be fabricated in lengths of trunking, as shown in Figure 4.21. This may be necessary or more convenient if a bend or set is non-standard, but it does take more time to fabricate bends than merely to bolt on standard accessories.
Upcycling agricultural and plastic waste for sustainable construction: a review
Published in Environmental Technology Reviews, 2023
Bilal Messahel, Nwakaego Onyenokporo, Emefa Takyie, Arash Beizaee, Muyiwa Oyinlola
Nevertheless, one approach to tackling the negative effects mentioned above is by utilizing waste materials for developing alternative sustainable building materials. Several scholars have investigated the suitability of upcycling materials for construction. For example, Choi et al. [9] investigated the use of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles as fine aggregate to produce lightweight aggregate concrete. While Segetin et al. [10] investigated the compressive strength of the soil cement composites after the Harakeke fibres were coated with enamel paint to improve bonding between the cement and fibre matrix. Oyinlola et al. [11] explored upcycling PET bottles for low-cost construction. The growing interest in waste material for construction is further demonstrated by the quantity of review papers in recent times [12–14].
Comprehensive Analysis of Solar Dryer with a Natural Draught
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Alok Dhaundiyal, Gedion H. Gebremichael, Divine Atsu
The testing of a drying unit was carried out at the forecourt of the solar laboratory of Szent Istvan Egyetem, Godollo, Hungary. The latitude and the longitude of the location are 47°35ʹ24” N and 19°21ʹ36” E, respectively. The collector plate arrangement for the analysis purpose allowed the carrier fluid (air) to flow onto its surface. The insulator used to back the copper plate is polystyrene, whereas a plexiglass cell casting was used for glazing purpose. The surface of the collector plate was selectively painted with black enamel paint. Complementary to the collector system, the drying unit was connected to the solar collection unit via a ducting system. The orthogonal and the isometric sketch (AutoCAD 2019, Autodesk) of the drying system are provided in Figure 1(a, b). The dimensional details of the solar drying unit along with the thermal conductivity k (W·m−1·K−1), and optical properties of the materials used, are provided in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. The psychrometric and thermal assessments of the unit were conducted for 5 days: from September 25, 2019 to September 29, 2019. The convolution of solar radiation was done with a third-order polynomial equation using the Savitzky–Golay method (MATLAB R2017b, USA). The thermocouple ‘K’ (Nickel-Chromium) type was used to measure the temperature distribution across the combined unit. The allocated period for testing was between 10 A.M and 3 P.M for each day.
Hydraulic model studies for optimising the design of two tier spillway – a case study
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2019
R. R. Bhate, K. T. More, M. R. Bhajantri, V. V. Bhosekar
A 2-D sectional model was constructed to a geometrically similar scale of 1:55 in a glass sided flume. One block containing one full span of overflow spillway and two spans of sluice spillway with stilling basin were incorporated in the model. Overflow and sluice spillways, piers and radial gates were fabricated in Perspex and PVC foam sheet. Stilling basin was constructed in brick masonry and the surface was plastered in smooth cement and painted with enamel paint. Photo 1 shows the view of the model. Piezometers were provided along the centre of spans and side of pier of both overflow and sluice spillways for hydrostatic pressure measurement. Piezometers were also provided along the centre line of the roof profile of sluice spillway as well as along the length of the stilling basin. Necessary arrangements were made for measurement of discharge, pressures and water levels.