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Using Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Product Design and Development
Published in Harish Kumar Banga, Rajesh Kumar, Parveen Kalra, Rajendra M. Belokar, Additive Manufacturing with Medical Applications, 2023
Najla Bentrad, Asma Hamida-Ferhat
Applications for electrospinning are under development in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, managed delivery of drugs, biosensors and cancer diagnostics. Electrospun nanofibres have been used in medical device coatings, in vitro 3D modelling of cancer, and membrane filtration (Liu et al., 2020). The electrospinning method allows micro to nanometric topography scaffolds to be generated with a high porosity compared to ECM. Electrospun scaffolds can improve cell adhesion, drug loading, and transformation properties. For example, drugs can be inserted into electrospinning scaffolds, ranging from antibiotics and anti-cancer agents to proteins, DNA, and RNA (Sill and Von Recum, 2008). This technique was tested by polymer processing, demonstrating that the electrospinning device proposed is suitable for producing repeatable and homogeneous electrospinning fibres for tissue engineering applications (Liu et al., 2020).
Introduction and Literature Review
Published in It-Meng Low, Hani Manssor Albetran, Victor Manuel de la Prida Pidal, Fong Kwong Yam, Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide in Photocatalysis, 2021
It-Meng Low, Hani Manssor Albetran, Victor Manuel de la Prida Pidal, Fong Kwong Yam
Electrospun nanofibers can be collected on a conductive surface to form nanowoven mats, which is one of the attractive features associated with the electrospinning method. The electrospun nanowoven mats are characterized by high surface areas and relatively small pore size, making them excellent candidates for use in filtration and membrane applications. Therefore, the electrospinning method has been used for many applications and potential applications, such as drug delivery, membrane, tissue engineering, protective clothing, wound dressing, filtration, and electronic application [174, 177, 178]. McCann et al. [179] synthesized porous electrospun TiO2 nanofibers using miscible solvents with immiscible polymers followed by calcination of the nanofibers at an elevated temperature. The porous TiO2 nanofibers have a much larger surface area compared to the solid TiO2 nanofibers, which can have potential applications such as photocatalysis, energy storage, catalysis, and fuel cells.
Nanomaterials and Their Synthesis
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Pardeep Kumar Sharma, Smart Nanotechnology with Applications, 2020
Pawan Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Rajnish Kumar, Ravinder Kumar, Dipen Kumar Rajak
Electrospinning is an electrostatic ultra-fine or nanoscale fiber fabrication method performed under a strong electric field on a polymer solution or melt [55]. It has received more interest and attention in recent years due to its high efficiency, and flexibility for potential applications in different fields [56]. It is a convenient approach for the production of functional nanofibrous biomaterials for tissue-engineering applications [57]. The quality and performance of the nanofibrous membrane can be enhanced by modifying/combining with active molecules in different ways [58]. There are two ways, needle-less and needle-based, through which nanofibers can be produced using the electrospinning method [59]. The electrospinning process has several variants like bubble electrospinning, vibration electrospinning, siro-electrospinning, and magneto-electrospinning [60].
Protein–based electrospun nanofibers: electrospinning conditions, biomedical applications, prospects, and challenges
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Md Nur Uddin, Md. Jobaer, Sajjatul Islam Mahedi, Ayub Ali
Despite these prospects, protein–based electrospun has some difficulties. To begin, it has been demonstrated that the variety of extraction and purification methods has an impact based on the purity, content, and activity of the examined proteins. Due to this, the reproducibility of electrospinning is heavily influenced by the material’s homogeneity and surface charge (Ashtikar & Wacker, 2018; Fan et al., 2018; Mbese et al., 2021; Phillips & Williams, 2011; Silvetti et al., 2017; Zheng et al., 2020), may be influenced as a result. In the current state of affairs, there are no regulations in place to ensure that protein–based materials are homogeneous in structure and pure in composition. As a second point to consider, the use of organic solvents and cross–linking agents, as well as the high voltage that is necessary for electrospinning, could potentially harm protein structure, which could result in a loss of activity to a certain extent (Aguilar-Vázquez et al., 2020; Ji et al., 2011; Tiwari & Venkatraman, 2012).
Preparation and characterization of electrospun polycaprolactone/brushite scaffolds to promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Yeganeh Nikakhtar, Seyedeh Sara Shafiei, Mehrnoush Fathi-roudsari, Mitra Asadi-Eydivand, Faeze ShiraliPour
Figure 2 shows SEM micrographs of PCL/DCDP scaffolds. The results exhibited that presence of DCDP particles decreased the average diameter of fibers. The maximum and minimum thicknesses of fibers are 789 nm and 410 nm which belong to the pure PCL and 3% DCPD scaffolds, respectively. The average diameter of fibers was approximately calculated by measuring at least 50 fibers through ImageJ Software (Figure 3). Fiber’s morphology showed that the suitable amount of DCDP is up to 3 wt% and using higher concentration causes bead formation as seen in 5 wt% and 10 wt% scaffolds. Influential parameters in the electrospinning process include concentration, viscosity, surface tension, temperature, and electrical conductivity of feeder solution. The most important parameter is electrical conductivity which designates the diameter and size distribution of fibers. Figure 4 illustrates the EDS spectra of PCL/DCDP scaffolds. The highest peaks correspond to carbon and oxygen elements in the PCL. As shown in the EDS spectra of PCL/DCDP, two peaks are related to phosphorous and calcium elements in the brushite, revealing the successful distribution of DCDP in the PCL matrix.
Electrospun sodium titanate fibres for fast and selective water purification†
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
Eero Santala, Risto Koivula, Risto Harjula, Mikko Ritala
There are several methods to prepare sub-micron fibres, but only a few techniques to prepare inorganic fibres. The most common, straightforward and up-scalable method is electrospinning [11,12]. Electrospinning is a method that can easily produce macroscopic amounts of fibres from several materials like polymers and metal oxides. In an electrospinning process, a polymer solution is fed to a metallic needle that is connected to a high voltage power source. The electric charge causes an eruption of a polymeric jet from the polymer droplet at the needle tip. During a flight from the needle to the grounded collector, the jet elongates, dries, and is finally collected as solid fibres. To prepare inorganic oxide fibres, the electrospinning solution has to contain also a proper amount of metal precursors, for example, titanium isoproxide and sodium acetate. After electrospinning, the collected fibres are calcined, typically in air atmosphere. During calcination, polymer is combusted and metal precursors are oxidized to metal oxides like TiO2 [13]. Crystallinity of the final product depends on calcination temperature and time.