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Plastic Packaging for Parenteral Drug Delivery
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Lloyd Waxman, Frances L. DeGrazio, Vinod D. Vilivalam
Injection molding is a process used to convert resin from a melt into a molded shape using a mold pattern to form the part. Injection-molded products are replacing materials such as glass, metals, and paper in many areas of parenteral drug packaging. The development of newer plastic resins, combined with improvements in the injection molding process, is setting the stage for these changes. For example, materials such as CZ resin have been used to develop larger size containers, such as the 1-L bottle, and small conical vials by injection molding. Many of these newer resins are used for drug delivery systems that can replace products traditionally made from glass. In this process, plastic resin is melted using the extrusion process and is injected into a mold where the resin is cooled sufficiently to be removed in a solid state. Similar to the other plastic processes, heat, pressure, and time are controlled in each of the steps to produce a molded product. Injection-molded items are finding many uses in parenteral drug packaging. The injection molding process is also used to produce components such as IV spikes and IV administration sets.
Packaging and Labeling Control
Published in Graham P. Bunn, Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals, 2019
General. The FDA has the authority under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act (the Act) to establish a uniform national requirement for tamper-resistant packaging (TRP) of over-the-counter (OTC) drug products that will improve the security of OTC drug packaging and help assure the safety and effectiveness of OTC drug products. An OTC drug product (except a dermatological, dentifrice, insulin, or throat lozenge product) for retail sale that is not packaged in a tamper-resistant package or that is not properly labeled under this section is adulterated under Section 501 of the Act, or misbranded under Section 502 of the Act, or both.
Utilisation of waste medicine wrappers as an efficient low-cost electrode material for microbial fuel cell
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Md. T. Noori, G. D. Bhowmick, B. R. Tiwari, I. Das, M. M. Ghangrekar, C. K. Mukherjee
Scientific explorations of drugs have reduced the burden of common infectious as well as chronic diseases all over the world from the very beginning of the nineteenth century [1,2]. Drugs are generally sold in ampoules, blisters, cartridges, pressurised containers, strips (wrappers), tubes, vials, etc., which are generally packed using paper, glass, plastics, metals, rubbers, etc., to protect it from light, moisture, oxygen, biological contamination, external mechanical forces, etc. [3]. Metals, e.g. aluminium, have been extensively used as drug packaging materials owing to its additional properties such as flexibility, surface resilience, outstanding malleability, formability and exceptional imprinting potential [4]. Medicine wrappers are normally made by metallised film packaging or laminating with plastic and aluminium in fixed proportions. Individual components of these metallised films or lamination can be recycled but their separation is difficult, hence economically feasible recycling is hard to achieve [5]. Usually, these are either dumped as a solid waste on the dumping ground or used for land filling, and termed as drug packaging waste. Thus the haphazard disposal of these waste medicine wrappers (WMWs) generates a considerable amount of waste every day all over the world [6].