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Interior Finish-Out Components
Published in Kathleen Hess-Kosa, Building Materials, 2017
Particleboard, encountered in most of today's cabinets, is used in the panels that makeup the boxes and the shelving. MDF, denser and heavier than particleboard, is used in cabinet doors, boxes, and shelving, and plywood, more rigid and stabile than MDF, is used in high-end products. That composite wood which is visible (i.e., box interior/shelving panel surface and edges as well as drawer fronts) is generally covered with a wood veneer, laminate, or metal. Some cabinets may be comprised of one or a combination of these composite wood—all of which potentially off-gas formaldehyde, particularly newly manufactured and/or wet composite wood.
Case Studies of Parametric Accelerated Life Testing
Published in Seong-woo Woo, Design of Mechanical Systems Based on Statistics, 2021
Figure 9.81 shows the French refrigerator with the newly designed drawer system that consists of a box-rail mechanism. When a consumer put food inside the refrigerator, they want to have convenient access to it and have the food stay fresh. For this to occur, the draw system needs to be designed to withstand the operating conditions it is subjected to by users. The drawer assembly consists of a box, left/right of the guide rail, and a support center, as shown in Figure 9.81b.
Not a Step!
Published in Michael S. Wogalter, Forensic Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2018
Michael J. Kalsher, Michael S. Wogalter
Additional examples of guarding are the following: Drawers could be made not to open without the added press of a separate button that unlocks the drawer. This would make it more difficult, both physically and cognitively, for a young child to use.Furniture designed such that a drawer cannot be opened unless all other drawers are closed, similar to the mechanism in many four-drawer file cabinets.Furniture retailers should provide a tip-over prevention kit to customers of furniture that are prone to tip-over at the time it is purchased. An example is shown in Figure 7.1a,b.After-market, anti-tip devices are available in stores and online to secure furniture prone to tip-over to walls or floors.Preferred are drawer handles that are flush with the front surface of the drawer when not in use. Handles that stick out provide small protrusions for children to step on and climb. Some recessed drawer handles have to be pivoted to a raised position before the drawer can be pulled out making it less likely to be opened and used for support by children.There are still other methods of guarding, such as a bottom drawer designed such that the first step is too high for small children who are most at risk, longer depth to make the furniture more stable, and differential weighting (tall chests that are heavier at the bottom than at the top) to lower the center of gravity.
Effects of Heuristic Type, User Interaction Level, and Evaluator’s Characteristics on Usability Metrics of Augmented Reality (AR) User Interfaces
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
In the high-UIL application (Figures 1a and 2a), there were four virtual buttons on the image targets (an image or pattern that can be tracked by the software) and seven screen buttons to navigate through the seven steps necessary to complete a maintenance task (one button for each step). Virtual buttons could be pressed by pointing the camera at the image target and covering the rectangular blank area using one’s hand. While a virtual button was pressed, virtual objects were superimposed onto the real world. The first virtual button was located in the image target in front of the black chest of drawers. It displayed a virtual screwdriver and a virtual memory card that needed to be picked up from the drawers. The second virtual button was found in front of the transparent plastic box. While pressed. virtual cooling fans above boxes would appear, representing the real cooling fans placed inside each box. Virtual blue arrows appeared throughout the maintenance task steps, based on the detection of the image targets present in front of the black chest of drawers and the transparent plastic boxes to indicate the drawer or box that contains the appropriate tool or required component. Task instructions to perform each step were given by the application via virtual text boxes superimposed above the mainboard (the object target).
Combustion products generated in simulated industrial fires
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2021
Katherine M. Kirk, Zenon Splawinski, Raymond C. Bott, Michael B. Logan
The scenario area inside the metal tray was furnished with contents typical of a small industrial facility such as an automotive body repair premises with small office-type work area. This type of work setting was selected because these types of premises are common within the communities served by the Queensland Fire and Emergency Services, and this type of fire can be effectively simulated at a size that is manageable by a single, experienced entry team of firefighters (as would form the initial response to such an incident). For each experiment, the fuel package consisted of a 1,000-L high-density polyethylene intermediate bulk container (IBC) with metal cage, containing 100 L of diesel; five 20-L polyethylene drums, two of which contained 10 L of ethanol; two empty 10-L polyethylene drums; three 4-L metal paint tins containing a total of 5 L of paint (solvent ingredients included white spirits, mineral turpentine, kerosene, and xylene); two 5-L metal fuel tins each containing 1 L of mineral turpentine; a desk, office chair, two-drawer filing cabinet, and plastic waste bin with fabric scrap. This package was selected based on known typical products found within such facilities, while controlling overall fuel load for safety reasons. The total volume of ignitable liquid in each experiment was 127 L. Tray contents were placed in the same relative positions for each experiment, as shown in Figure 1.
Transport of indoor aerosols to hidden interior spaces
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2020
Mengjia Tang, Ningling Zhu, Kerry Kinney, Atila Novoselac
As noted earlier (in the discussion of mixing time for tracer gas and aerosols), the greater the temperature difference observed between the control room and the other rooms in the house, the shorter the measured mixing time required to distribute the gas and PM tracers throughout the main rooms in the house. With respect to the hidden spaces, the measured air temperature differences between the master bedroom closet and the master bedroom were 0.8–2.0 °C, and the measured air temperature differences between the kitchen drawer 1 and the kitchen were 0.3–1.8 °C. The outdoor weather conditions varied in different experiments, and it indirectly affected the temperature difference between occupied and hidden spaces. In Experiments M4–M6, the temperatures in the hidden space (drawer or closet) were cooler than the adjacent room; these temperature differences reflect that these three experiments were conducted in August and September when the house was cooled with the HVAC system on prior to initiating the experiments. In contrast, Experiment M7 was conducted on a cold day in February and the temperatures inside the closets and drawers in Experiment M7 were warmer than the adjacent room temperature. It is hypothesized that the temperature differences measured between rooms and between hidden spaces and adjacent rooms may contribute to air mixing that distributed PM and gases throughout the house and even into hidden spaces.