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Advances in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Published in Ram Chandra, R.C. Sobti, Microbes for Sustainable Development and Bioremediation, 2019
The majority of the commercial dyes are classified in terms of color, structure, or method of application in the color index, which is adapted to 3 months since 1924 by the “Society of Dyers and Colourists” and “American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.” The latest edition of the Color Index contains about 13,000 different dyes. Each dye is assigned to a color index. Generic names are defined by the application and color.
Treatment of industrial glycerol from biodiesel production by adsorption operation: kinetics and thermodynamics analyses
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2019
Nauro Silveira, Tuanny S. Frantz, Sabrina F. Lütke, Viviane C. Arabidian, Tito R. S. Cadaval, Luiz A. A. Pinto
The moisture content in the pretreated industrial glycerol was of 13.48 ± 0.24% (w/w) and the ashes content was of 5.68 ± 0.02 (w/w). The color index obtained by Lovibond index was 15 for red color and 7.5 for yellow color. The results obtained for the soap and acidity contents were about zero, for both. At this point, it is important to mention that these acidity and soap contents are unusual in glycerol from conventional biodiesel plants, which produce the so-called blonde glycerin, moreover, pigments absorbance at 265 nm showed that these contaminants were not from the raw material, but they were some compounds formed in glycerol pretreatment.
Mechanism of flame spray drying process: experimental and CFD analysis
Published in Drying Technology, 2020
Mariia Sobulska, Ireneusz Zbicinski, Marcin Piatkowski
In the first step, the color index of maltodextrin solutions in the FSD and the SSD were determined and compared. For the SSD process, the color index of the samples was equal to 6.7 and 7.2 (Tests 8 and 7 resp.). For FSD Test 5, slight increase of powder color index to 10.6 was observed but in Test 4 detected partial caramelization of the sample as color index raised to 18.7. Analysis of the HMF content in dried powder showed that after SSD, the content of caramelized product in the samples was 42.9 and 7.5mg/kg and after FSD HMF increased to 116mg/kg in corresponding tests.
Effects of halide stripping with ferric ions and hydrogen peroxide oxidants for 18K gold alloys
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2021
Ikgyu Kim, Kwangbae Kim, Ohsung Song
Figure 5 is a graph showing the Labcolor index of the alloys depending on stripping time. As L varied from 65 to 80 according to the surface status of the samples, mainly the a- and b-indices were considered. The x-axis and y-axis refer to the values of the a- and b-indices, respectively. The range of colour for each type of alloy is indicated by the dotted lines. The solid squares show the results for the YG sample and the empty squares show the results for the RG sample.