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Demographic characteristics of nuclear power station sites in the UK and US
Published in Stan Openshaw, Nuclear Power, 2019
In the US the initial simple centroid assignment techniques used by Bunch et al. (1979), Robinson and Hansen (1981), and Aldrich et al. (1982) have been replaced by more sophisticated distance weighted interpolation and normalisation procedures; see Durfee and Coleman (1983). They estimate that ‘At the county level some distributions were improved by as much as 30 per cent or so with this new normalization’ (p. 48). However, there are problems with these interpolation methods, particularly their tendency to assume continuous population distributions even in areas of low or zero populations. Further improvements may be made if detailed digital outlines are available for various zonal features and when it is possible to integrate remote sensing data with census material. However, none of these exciting future developments really help with the current problems of obtaining reasonably accurate population estimates for regions around existing nuclear sites. The more sophisticated US interpolation methods cannot yet be applied in the UK because census ed areas are not known and these are needed for the normalisation techniques that have been developed.
Tornado damage modeling
Published in Paolo Gardoni, Routledge Handbook of Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2018
John W. van de Lindt, Hassan Masoomi, Navid Attary, Christine D. Standohar-Alfano
For each tornado, a locally-adopted residential building code was assigned to the archetypes based on the state where the tornado occurred. By overlaying the tornado path with census data, the number of homes impacted was determined using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Similarly, an archetype and real market value (RMV) of each home were assigned based on census data obtained for a given tract impacted by the tornado path. Finally, a tornado wind speed and associated probability of failure were assigned based on the variation of intensity in a tornado path summarized by Standohar-Alfano and van de Lindt (2014).
Data to the people: a review of public and proprietary data for transport models
Published in Transport Reviews, 2021
Vishal Mahajan, Nico Kuehnel, Aikaterini Intzevidou, Guido Cantelmo, Rolf Moeckel, Constantinos Antoniou
VGI have been used to estimate and map populations and jobs in a given area. Travel demand models usually require representing the actual population, including home and job locations in the study area. Traditionally, census data are used to represent the population. Bast et al. (2015) developed an approach to estimate population numbers solely based on OSM data at an individual building resolution. Bakillah et al. (2014) presented a framework that disaggregates aggregated population data down to individual buildings using buildings and point-of-interest from OSM. Bienzeisler et al. (2020) used a data fusion approach to estimate job locations based on company data and building data from OSM. A similar use case to estimate traffic volumes and disruptions instead of the population was described by Camargo et al. (2020). Another use case for VGI is the classification of land use, which can be used to allocate jobs and households. Arsanjani et al. (2013) used OSM data to classify land use for the city of Vienna.
Potential for electric vehicle adoption in Australia
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2019
Sohaib Rafique, Graham E. Town
The datasets of vehicle commutes for three different scales in NSW, Australia were analyzed. The comparison cross validated the statistics at different levels (i.e. region size and population density). The first dataset of 20 suburbs in South-Western Sydney (Bankstown area) and the second dataset for Sydney Inner City (NSW, 2011b) were retrieved from Journey to Work (2011) data tables (NSW, 2011a), based on five-yearly census of population and housing, conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). It includes data on employment by industry and occupation, and method of travel to work at a fine geographical level. The respondents to census data are the employed persons aged 15 y and over, who were employed during the week before census night. The data is collected through a self-completion census form.