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Building Information Modelling
Published in Ray Crotty, The Impact of Building Information Modelling, 2013
Interoperability has become a bit of a bugbear in the BIM world. It has never been dealt with satisfactorily in relation to conventional CAD applications. There are two sets of problems with interoperability. First, making clear who is responsible for producing what design information to what level of detail at what point in the development of the design. In other words, what design information can I expect you to produce, at what level of detail at any particular point in time? That is a problem of business process interoperability; do our two firms understand exactly how each other does business? It is essentially a problem of design management and coordination.
An axiomatic design framework to design interoperable buyer–supplier dyads
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2019
Pedro Espadinha-Cruz, António Grilo, António Gonçalves-Coelho, António Mourão
In the scope of the INTEROP Project, Vallespir, Chen, and Ducq (2005) reviewed different issues of interoperability that can be solved using enterprise modelling (EM) techniques, mapping interoperability domains and the adequate modelling techniques for each one. Regarding data interoperability, the authors suggest that any data flow modelling techniques addressing syntactic and semantic issues can be used. In turn, it is proposed that semantics issues be addressed by means of ontologies or a Unified Modelling Language (UML) class diagram and knowledge by language modelling or Unified Enterprise Modelling Language (UEML) (Vernadat 2002). With regard to business process interoperability, the authors suggested two approaches: standardization and mutual adjustment. To achieve those, the authors suggest business-oriented modelling languages for standardization and synchronization issues. In this sense, the authors emphasize time aspects regarding synchronization and the specific cases of design and engineering, where interoperability issues can be addressed by decomposing methods into elements. The authors also made contributions regarding the modelling of business objectives and coordination, suggesting GRAI grids as an approach to express coordination links.