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Microbiota Transplantation, Health Implications, and the Way Forward
Published in Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olawole O. Obembe, Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Microbiomes and Emerging Applications, 2022
Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Olufemi Idowu Oluranti, Ayomide Michael Oshinjo, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu
Also, the FMT is gradually becoming an option of novel therapeutic in disorders in which microbiota changes have been involved in disease development and progression (Ooijevaar et al., 2019). Reports have shown that fecal microbiome transplantation is a potent treatment in CDI when used through nasogastric tube (Figure 5.1) (Hagel et al., 2016), nasoduodenal tube (Cohen et al., 2016), enteroscopy (Hagel et al., 2016), and gastroscope-induced infusion (Rubin et al., 2013). Moreover, Hvas et al. (2019) demonstrated superiority of FMT to Fidaxomicin or vancomysin therapy for patient with intractable CDI. Mullish et al. (2018) conducted a randomized experiment on the comparison of FMT and vancomycin in nasoduodenal donor and their report shows the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation over vancomycin (van Nood et al., 2013).
Causal Concepts and Graphical Models
Published in Marloes Maathuis, Mathias Drton, Steffen Lauritzen, Martin Wainwright, Handbook of Graphical Models, 2018
It can easily be seen that (15.2) would be obtained as the ordinary conditional distribution of XB $ \mathbf{X}_B $ given XA=x~A $ \mathbf{X}_A=\tilde{\mathbf{x}}_A $ in a graph where all incoming edges into XA $ \mathbf{X}_A $ have been deleted. Such a truncated DAG corresponds to the situation where XA $ \mathbf{X}_A $ was drawn randomly and independently of any predecessors while all other relations remain the same. In other words, it mimics the ideal randomized experiment reflecting the special status of randomized trials for causal inference.
Gaussian Process Regression
Published in Robert B. Gramacy, Surrogates, 2020
MARS is the fastest but least accurate. Library-based GP prediction with laGP is substantially faster than its by-hand analog. Variability in timings is largely due to differing numbers of iterations to convergence when calculating MLEs. Our by-hand separable GP and laGP analog are nearly the same in terms of RMSE and score. However boxplots only summarize marginal results, masking any systematic (if subtle) patterns between comparators over the thirty trials. One advantage to having a randomized experiment where each replicate is trained and tested on the same data is that a paired t-test can be used to check for systematic differences between pairs of competitors.
Challenges and new methods for designing reliability experiments
Published in Quality Engineering, 2019
Laura J. Freeman, Rebecca M. Medlin, Thomas H. Johnson
Fisher (1937) identified randomization, replication, and blocking (local control of error) as core tenets of experimental design. Randomization is essential in that it breaks the link to potential confounding variables, allowing randomized experiments to provide statements about the cause of the experimental result. Common design strategies for dealing with restrictions in randomization include blocking and split-plot designs. Jones and Nachtsheim (2009) highlight the prevalence of split-plot designs in industrial applications provides a straightforward overview of their value. Goos (2002) provides a comprehensive review of designing optimal experiments for various analysis models with blocking and split-plot experimental structures.