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Circadian Rhythms and Mental Performance
Published in Gerald Matthews, Paula A. Desmond, Catherine Neubauer, P.A. Hancock, The Handbook of Operator Fatigue, 2017
The effects of practice need to be incorporated into an experimental protocol. As individuals become familiar with any task, the speed and accuracy with which it can be performed increase. Particularly for cognitive-based tasks, it is also necessary to develop a suitable strategy, and this requires practice. Three methods have been used to deal with effects of practice (Blatter & Cajochen, 2007): The task is performed often enough before the main investigation for practice effects to have disappeared. Such a familiarization process can be rather time-consuming, however.Subjects are divided into several subgroups, each subgroup starting its sequence of 24-hour measurements at a different time of day (e.g. 24:00, 04:00 … 20:00 hours). The mean performance at each time of day for a group as a whole will contain the same mixture of effects due to practice, and so the performance rhythm will be superimposed upon “noise” due to this mixture.A control group, identical to the experimental group except for the intervention or effect being investigated, is incorporated into the experiment, but this design doubles the number of subjects required.
Research Methods and Statistics
Published in Monica Martinussen, David R. Hunter, Aviation Psychology and Human Factors, 2017
Monica Martinussen, David R. Hunter
Many people probably picture an experiment as something that takes place in a laboratory with people in white coats. This is not always the case, and the logic behind the experiment is more crucial than the location. An important feature of an experiment is the presence of a control group. The term “control group” is used for one of the groups that receives no treatment or intervention. The control group is then compared to the treatment group, and the differences between the groups can then be attributed to the treatment that one group received and the other did not. This requires that the groups be similar, and the best way to ensure this is by randomly assigning subjects to the two conditions.
Empirical Mechanisms for Identifying the Role of Strategies Optimization in Determining Comparative Advantage: Does Better Strategy Optimizing Result in Higher Levels of Company Performance and Productivity?
Published in Walter Amedzro St-Hilaire, Value-Based Management in an Open Economy, 2023
The rise of experimentation as we know it today, the immeasurable scientific progress it has made in all fields and the resulting craze have marked the beginnings of modern scientific research and have raised this method to the level of a standard in management science: experimentation was instituted and is still the method par excellence of research, whether in the pure sciences, the social sciences, or the humanities. With the scientific revolution, experimentation is evolving. It modifies the place of observation to make it central in the process of validating theories and argumentation. Moreover, we move from passive observation of the context to its modification in order to observe the consequences, and then to the control of external variables. Thus today, experimentation commonly involves or implies the intervention, manipulation or alteration of a given situation or factor in order to determine whether it introduces a difference from the normal. To this end, the design of experimental research is developed in such a way that differences between the control and treatment groups are due solely to the intervention. Experimental research is broadly modeled on the following approach: selection of subjects and assignment of them to treatment and control conditions, preferably using a random procedure; application of the intervention of interest to the treatment group but not to the control group (independent variable); experimental control of the research situation to ensure that there are no differences between treatment and control conditions other than the intervention; measurement of selected outcomes for both groups (dependent variables); and statistical analysis to determine if the groups differ on those dependent variable measures (Lipsey, 1990).
The effect of occupational training provided to workers in a glass factory on their use of ear protectors
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Akgün Yeşiltepe, Gülendam Karadağ
As a result of the study, it was determined that the occupational training provided to workers increased the level of hearing health-related knowledge and use of ear protection. Also, it was determined that there is a difference in the level of knowledge and behavior of workers according to time, which affected their noise-related health symptoms. Regular trainings should be organized to encourage the use of ear protection for workers working in noisy workplaces. Regular training should be given by occupational health nurses on health risks and preventive measures. Occupational health nurses should increase the frequency of periodic health examinations and follow-up aimed at the hearing health of workers working in noisy workplaces. Similar studies should be conducted with experimental control groups and randomized controlled research designs in different sample groups. Hanging signs and notices should be available to encourage the use of ear protectors in noisy workplaces.
Assessment of an automated IoT-biofloc water quality management system in the Litopenaeus vannamei’s mortality and growth rate
Published in Automatika, 2022
Eric B. Blancaflor, Melito Baccay
After the conducted software testing was validated, all requirements in the system were functioning and acceptable; experimental research was conducted using a two-group experimental design model. Two groups in this model were experimental group and control group. Data from an experimental group were compared with data from a control group. The experimental group was biofloc tank while the control group was the RAS tank. This control group was separated from the experimental group and had no influence on the experimental results but served as a point of reference on the experiment’s outcome. The research question, hypothesis and critical variables are listed below:
Effectiveness of a core strength training program on male college tennis players’ skills
Published in Smart Science, 2023
Hsu-Chun Huang, Han-Wu Cheng, Chia-Chin Chiang, Wei-Ting Lin
Thirty college tennis players who did not suffer injuries within the past six months nor engaged in core strength training voluntarily participated in this study. Their basic information is provided in Table 1. The participants were randomly and equally placed into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent an eight-week core strength training program in addition to regular training, while the control group only underwent regular training. Both groups’ pre- and posttest performances in different skills were recorded and analyzed using the SPSS (version 26.0) software.