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Perspectives on the Nature of Intuitive Interaction
Published in Blackler Alethea, Intuitive Interaction, 2018
Alethea Blackler, Shital Desai, Mitchell McEwan, Vesna Popovic, Sarah Diefenbach
A complimentary approach to the classification of NUIs and TEIs is to assess the extent that they employ natural mapping. Natural mapping utilizes physical analogies and cultural standards to communicate a clear relationship between a control interface and its actions in the system (Norman, 2013). The level of natural mapping in the interface is thus determined by the degree of correspondence between physical control inputs and their system responses. A spatial analogy in the interface could utilize directional correspondence or might employ groups or patterns that reflect the relationship between controls and feedback. For example, using cursor keys to control movement on a computer or aligning physical function keys with their corresponding interface elements on a screen (e.g., pre-touchscreen phones, cameras, and similar devices). Natural mapping is also represented in Blackler’s (2008) original Australian continuum, where it is referred to as compatible mapping, drawing on population stereotypes (and to some extent physical affordances) to provide a consistent and familiar interface layout to users. In this way, naturally mapped interfaces can also leverage sensorimotor and cultural knowledge established through interaction with other systems or real-life activities—for example, swinging a tangible controller as though it were a golf club while playing a golf video game.
Interaction Design
Published in Daniel P. Jenkins, Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon, Guy H. Walker, Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity, 2017
Daniel P. Jenkins, Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon, Guy H. Walker
Metaphoric references can be used to assist users in their development of mental models. Accurate mental models can have a significant impact on the time taken to learn how to use the product; requirements for formalised training; user satisfaction; and error rates. One common method of incorporating metaphoric references into a product is to design in a graphical representation of the previous, real world, situations that work in similar, predictable ways. This method has been used many times in the past. The ‘Windows’ graphical user interface (GUI) includes metaphoric relationships for files, folders and wastepaper bins. This interface allows the user to drag a file from one folder to another physically or to delete a file by dragging it from the folder to the wastepaper bin (which can be accessed as long as it has not been emptied). This kind of interaction is often termed ‘direct manipulation’ (Shneiderman, 1983, 1998), whereas, when using indirect manipulation more abstract commands or menus are selected, direct manipulation mimics actions in the physical worlds such as dragging, rotating and resizing. Another example of metaphoric references is used by some mobile phone manufacturers; when a text message is received, it can be seen to fly in as an envelope and open up. The reverse happens on the sending of a message where the message is folded and placed in an envelope and sent out. These analogies are metaphoric as they link back to physical representations. It is clear that there is no need for an envelope when sending the digital message; however, from the physical world users have developed a semantic link between the envelope and the sending of information. In certain cases, theses metaphoric references become so established they outlive the products they once represented. The icon used to save files in many computer applications was designed to resemble the 3.5-inch floppy disk. Whilst the icon has stood the test of time, it is now extremely uncommon to see the physical disks used. Norman (2002) advocates the use of natural mapping as a way of taking physical analogies for immediate understanding; he gives the example of moving an object up by moving the controls up. Norman goes on to discuss the difficulty in mapping subjective dimensions (such as taste, colour and location) where a plot of less and more can be much harder to map.
How does Parallax Scrolling Influence User Experience? A Test of TIME (Theory of Interactive Media Effects)
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2018
Natural Mapping (NM) is “to map controls to changes in the mediated environment in a natural and predictable manner.” (Steuer, 1992, p. 86). Designs that are natural and intuitive to users will likely be comprehended instantly without much planning or reflection so as to enhance the learning outcomes and task efficiency (Oh et al., 2013). Natural mapping is conceptualized as the degree to which individuals find their interactions with the website natural (Skalski, Tamborini, Shelton, Buncher & Lindmark, 2011). Studies have clearly demonstrated that users prefer interface features that are compatible with the action performed (e.g., steering wheel for auto-racing games), and have shown that such natural mapping positively influences their performance (Kang, Tsang, Chan, & Liu, 2017) as well as user experience (Proctor & Vu, 2016).