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Hydronic Distribution Equipment and Systems
Published in T. Agami Reddy, Jan F. Kreider, Peter S. Curtiss, Ari Rabl, Heating and Cooling of Buildings, 2016
T. Agami Reddy, Jan F. Kreider, Peter S. Curtiss, Ari Rabl
Steam traps are used to separate both steam condensate and noncondensable gases from live steam in steam piping systems and at steam equipment. Steam traps isolate or confine steam in heating coils, e.g., while releasing condensate to be revaporized in the boiler. The challenge in trap selection is to ensure that the condensate and gases are removed promptly and with little to no loss of live steam. For example, if condensate is not removed from a heating coil, it will become waterlogged and will have a much reduced heating capacity. We briefly describe the most common types of traps and identify ones that should be used in HVAC applications.
Water/Wastewater Conveyance
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, 2020
Traps, used in steam processes, are automatic valves that release condensate (condensed steam) from a steam space while preventing the loss of live steam. Condensate is undesirable because water produces rust and water plus steam leads to water hammer. In addition, steam traps remove air and non-condensate from the steam space. The operation of a trap depends on what is called differential pressure (or delta-P) (measured in psi). Differential pressure is the difference between the inlet and outlet pressures. A trap will not operate correctly at a differential pressure higher than the one of which it was designed.
Energy, exergy and economic analyses on heat pump drying of lignite
Published in Drying Technology, 2019
Ming Liu, Shan Wang, Rongtang Liu, Junjie Yan
A conversion process from raw lignite to electricity is established in this study to evaluate the influence of heat pump drying on the energy efficiency of lignite utilization (Figure 3). In the LPPH, the heat pump drying system is used to predry the lignite, and the electricity consumed by the heat pump is provided by the lignite-fired power plant. The dried lignite is sent to the burner for combustion to release heat in the boiler. The boiler feedwater absorbs heat in the boiler to become live steam, which is sent to steam turbines to convert heat to electricity. Steam exhaust discharged by the steam turbine enters the condenser and condenses into water. The condensate passes through the low-pressure heaters, deaerator, feedwater pump, and high-pressure heaters in sequence. The temperature of condensed water is increased, and the water is sent back to the boiler to complete the steam Rankine cycle. Flue-gas is discharged from the boiler after passing through the air-preheater, the precipitator, etc.