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Ultraviolet Curing Equipment (with Ruben Rivera)
Published in Jiri George Drobny, Radiation Technology for Polymers, 2020
Peak irradiance, also called intensity, is the radiant power arriving at a surface per-unit area. With UV curing, the surface is the cure surface of the substrate or part, and a square centimeter is the unit area. Irradiance is expressed in units of watts or milliwatts per square centimeter (W/cm2 or mW/cm2). Peak irradiance is instrumental in penetration and aiding surface cure. Peak irradiance is affected by the output of the engineered light source, the use of reflectors or optics to concentrate or contain the rays in a tighter surface impact area, and the distance of the source from the cure surface. The irradiance for UV-LEDs at the cure surface decreases quickly as the distance between the source and the cure surface increases.
Radiation—ionising and non-ionising
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
Assessing exposure for small sources of visible-light and near-infrared radiation requires knowledge of the spectrally weighted total irradiance (E, W/m2), measured at the location of the eye. Irradiance measurements are made using a spectrally weighted radiometer matching the applicable action spectrum. Once total irradiance is known, the appropriate exposure standard can be applied and a maximum permissible duration of exposure can be established.
Phenomenological Theory of Radiative Transfer
Published in L.A. Apresyan, Yu.A. Kravtsov, M.G. Edelev, Radiation Transfer, 2019
L.A. Apresyan, Yu.A. Kravtsov, M.G. Edelev
Problem 2.8. The largest irradiance Es which the solar power creates on a surface placed beyond the earth's atmosphere at an average distance from the sun to the earth (Rs ~ 1.5 × 108 km) is known as the solar constant equal to about 1.4 × 103 Wm−2.
A Novel Fuzzy Based Solar Irradiation Prediction Approach for Selection of Solar Panels in Hisar (Haryana)
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2023
Vijay Pal Singh, Sandeep Kumar Arya, Ajay Shankar
Table 5 shows the statistical analysis of the predicted solar irradiation range during the year 2018–2020 in terms of minimum value, maximum value, mean, median, and standard deviation values. Generally, the daily predicted irradiance during the summer months of April to June, the minimum predicted irradiance will be slightly decreased from 4.047 kW/m2 to 3.942 kW/m2. Moreover, the maximum predicted value will remain the same at 5.9265 kW/m2. Likewise, the mean and median predicted irradiance values start increasing from 4.6625 kW/m2 to 5.2512 kW/m2 during April to June. In addition, the predicted standard deviation will be maximum during June at 0.57813 kW/m2. Direct irradiance is the part of the solar irradiance that directly reaches a surface; diffuse irradiance is the part that is scattered by the atmosphere; irradiation is the sum of both diffuse and direct components reaching the same surface.
A review of performance improvements in design features of liquid flat-plate solar collector
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Yogesh Kumar, Manoj Verma, Harish Kumar Ghritlahre, Satish Kumar, Priyanka Verma, Shiena Shekhar
Tambunan et al. (2018) performed a numerical analysis of absorber plate to get impact of absorptivity and emissivity on the performance of FPSC for water heating purpose. Experiment consists a box type solar cooker as FPSC of absorber area 0.835 m × 0.835, two glass cover of thickness 60 mm, air gap between glass cover of 1.8 cm, collector wall was made with series of insulation material of glass wool, wood, and Styrofoam. Maximum solar irradiance was 722 W/m2 at noon. Absorber plate temperature increases with increasing glass transmission coefficient due to its more solar irradiance transfer to absorber plate. At 0.95 transmission coefficient, the maximum temperature reached up to 122°C. Temperature increment was not followed by temperature of glass cover; temperature of bottom glass covers decreases with increasing transmission coefficient. The authors concluded that the performance of FPSC is strongly affected by absorptivity and emissivity of the absorber plate and glass cover.
A neural network model of PV module temperature as a function of weather parameters prevailing in composite climate zone of India
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Anish H. Verma, S. K. Joshi, Yogesh K. Singh, Santosh Dubey
Solar Irradiance is defined as radiance flux (Power) received by a surface per unit area (watt/m2). From Equation (2), we see that module temperature has a positive correlation with the global irradiance. This means that with an increase in the intensity of global horizontal irradiance (GHI), module temperature increases, considering other factors constant. Increase in module temperature decreases the open circuit voltage (due to negative temperature coefficient of the module) and increases the short circuit current marginally, resulting in an overall reduction in the maximum output power. Reduction in the maximum output power decreases the overall efficiency of the panel (Sharma and Chandel 2013; Dubey et al. 2017). The relation between efficiency and GHI may be succinctly summarised below: where is maximum output power, is the area of the module. Therefore, since the module temperature is a key parameter in the determination of efficiency of the PV modules, global irradiance, which affects module temperature, will play a vital role in determining the solar efficiency (Buday 2011).