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Higher-Level Programming
Published in Syed R. Rizvi, Microcontroller Programming, 2016
The output on the screen is achieved using printf that writes to the standard output a sequence of data formatted as the format argument specifies. The first printf in the code above has %d as a specifier and x as an argument. Also, \n is an escape sequence. An escape sequence is a series of characters used to change the state of computers and their attached peripheral devices. The C programming language provides many escape sequences. The escape sequences for newline and carriage return are ‘\n’ and ‘\r’, respectively. A specifier defines the type and the interpretation of the value of the corresponding argument. The specifier %c, %d or %i, %f, and %s output character, signed decimal integer, decimal floating point, and string of characters, respectively. The output of the program is the following: x = 10 y = 20 y = y + x; y = 30 y = y − 2; y = 28
History of personal computers in Japan
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2020
In order to satisfy the conditions 1 and 2, it was effective to make the number of characters proportional to the length of the character code data that express those characters. The software of the personal computer has to update the characters displayed on the screen in real time according to the operation of the user. A kanji character expressed in 2 bytes is displayed on the screen with the double width of an alphanumeric character represented by 1 byte. Therefore, if the alphanumeric character is represented by 1-byte code and the kanji character is represented by 2-byte code, the strain on the U.S. program is the smallest and the processing software overhead can be minimised to support kanji characters on the display screen. If we adopt the method of inserting the escape sequence, then the data length of the character codes becomes different from the number of characters. Therefore, it is preferable to choose the method of expressing the 2-byte kanji code by setting the 8th bit as 1.