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Software Design and Development
Published in Jerry C. Whitaker, Microelectronics, 2018
Software at the lowest programming level is termed source code. This differs from executable code (i.e., that which can be executed directly by the hardware to perform one or more specified functions) in that it is written in one or more programming languages and cannot, by itself, be executed by the hardware until it is translated into machine executable code. A programming language is a set of words, letters, numerals, and abbreviated mnemonics, regulated by a specific syntax, used to describe a program (made up of lines of source code) to a computer. There are a wide variety of programming languages, many of them tailored for a specific type of application. C, one of today’s more popular programming languages, is used in engineering as well as business environments, whereas object-oriented languages, such as C++ (Stroustrup, 1997) and Java (Gosling et al., 1996), have been gaining acceptance in both of these environments. In fact Java has become a language of choice for internet based applications. In the recent past, engineering applications have often used programming languages such as Fortran, Ada (for government applications) and HAL (for space applications) (Lickly, 1974), while commercial business applications have favored common business oriented language (COBOL). For the most part one finds that in any given organization there are no prescribed rules that dictate which languages are to be used. As one might expect, a wide diversity of languages is being deployed.
Programming Techniques for Finite Element Analyses
Published in Jie Shen, Radhey Lal Kushwaha, Soil-Machine Interactions, 2017
Programming language is a main tool to realize algorithms for different finite element analyses. Generally speaking, there are two typical types of programming languages: imperative and functional languages. The von Neuman architecture causes the central features of the imperative languages to be: Variable. It models the memory cells;Assignment statement. It is based upon the piping operation;Iterative form of repetition. It is the most efficient method in this architecture, because the instructions are stored in adjacent cells of memory. But, it prevents the usage of recursion.
Design
Published in Miroslav Popovic, Communication Protocol Engineering, 2018
Variables are declared using the keyword var in any scope, except at the top module level, because in TTCN-3 there are no global variables. Global variables are not allowed in TTCN-3 because of data races that would otherwise occur when distributed test components would try to update them. Like in programming languages, variables are used to save temporary values during program execution. A variable may be assigned the initial value within its declaration, or later in a separate assignment statement. However, using a variable before it is assigned a value results in a run-time error.
Bridge structural safety assessment: a novel solution to uncertainty in the inspection practice
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2023
Francesca Poli, Mattia Francesco Bado, Andrea Verzobio, Daniele Zonta
With the scope of formalizing this set of combination rules, the authors will use a chief unambiguous tool: the computer. In fact, this one enables the execution of mathematical and logical operations on the ground of pre-established commands and processes which, given the same inputs, guarantees every time the extraction of constant, repeatable and bias-free outputs. Then, in order to replace the human mental processes in the inspection practice (𝔹) with a computer program, it is necessary to bridge semantics and the informatic field. A computer/programming language, differently than human speech, can be defined as a series of specific commands and operative directives written as sets of instructions (programs). Whilst in human language words can pick up multiple meanings (even full phrases can acquire unspoken idiomatic meanings) in computer language, the communication is strictly based on specific commands running preestablished actions on the grounds of clear and unique inputs. Semantics-wise, each command has a very specific Meaning and computers associate one meaning to one computer command only.