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Measurement Process: MR Data Collection and Image Analysis
Published in Mara Cercignani, Nicholas G. Dowell, Paul S. Tofts, Quantitative MRI of the Brain: Principles of Physical Measurement, 2018
Clinical status can be quantified using scores. For example in MS the EDSS is used to measure disability. In tumours a grading system is used, based on histology of biopsy samples. In psychiatric illness, a battery of psychometric tests, including cognitive and emotional, are in use. Newly introduced MR parameters have often been judged by how well they correlate with existing clinical scores; intensive effort has gone into characterising and improving the performance of the MR parameter. In turn it has been accepted that the same intensive study should go into the clinical scores, and in fact they do have some serious shortcomings. EDSS is non-linear; mixes impairments of ambulation, fine motor skill and cognition; and has limited reproducibility (Hobart et al., 2000).
Monitoring Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
The National MS Society Clinical Outcomes Assessment Task Force reviewed multiple measures to determine which were reliable, correlated well with disease duration, changed over time and had concurrent and predictive validity based on the EDSS.21 Development of the MS Functional Composite followed. (Table 6)
Deep learning of brain lesion patterns and user-defined clinical and MRI features for predicting conversion to multiple sclerosis from clinically isolated syndrome
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2019
Youngjin Yoo, Lisa Y. W. Tang, David K. B. Li, Luanne Metz, Shannon Kolind, Anthony L. Traboulsee, Roger C. Tam
Subjects had clinical assessments performed at baseline by qualified neurologists from 12 different sites. All MRI data for each subject were evaluated and assessed with three user-defined MRI outcomes measured at baseline, which are T2w lesion volume, normalised whole brain volume and diffusely abnormal white matter (DAWM) (Laule et al. 2013). The brain volume is measured as the ratio of brain parenchymal volume to total intracranial volume, which is called brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) (Rudick et al. 2000). DAWM is defined as white matter regions with mild MRI hyperintensity, ill-defined boundaries and reduced myelin content, which may be associated with MS disability and progression (Laule et al. 2013). Due to the lack of separation between DAWM and normal-appearing WM, the DAWM outcome is reported as a binary measure reflecting presence (1) or absence (0). In addition, there were eight demographic and clinical variables. We employed gender information as a predictive variable because the prevalence of MS is known to be higher in women (e.g. Orton et al. 2006). We also utilised five anatomical regions (cerebrum, optic nerve, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord), which were used by the evaluating physicians to classify the location(s) of each patient’s initial CIS event. EDSS is a measure of neurologic impairment in MS that is the combination of grades within eight functional systems such as those located in the cerebellum and the brain stem (Kurtzke 1983). Finally, the clinical classification of presenting symptoms as either monofocal (indicative of a single lesion) or multifocal (indicative of more than one lesion) was employed as a predictor. In total, 11 user-defined measurements at baseline were used, which are summarised in Table 2.
Cerebral perfusion and its association with serum endothelin-1 in multiple sclerosis
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Azza Bayoumi Hammad, Eman Mohammed Seif El Din, Ghada Saed Abdel Azim, Mohamed Ali Abboud
The patients and controls were subjected to the following: full history taking and complete general and neurological examination. Also, assessment of severity of MS in the patients by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was done.