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Simulation of Vehicles in a Driving Simulator Using Microscopic Traffic Simulation
Published in Edward Chung, André-Gilles Dumont, Transport Simulation, 2019
A driving simulator is designed to imitate driving a real vehicle. The driver’s place can be realized with a real vehicle cabin or only a seat with a steering wheel and pedals, and anything in between. The surroundings are presented for the driver on a screen. It is important that the performance of the simulator vehicle, the visual representation, and the behavior of surrounding objects are realistic in order for the driving simulator to be a faithful representation of real driving. It is for instance clear that the surrounding vehicles must behave in a realistic and trustworthy way. Microscopic simulation of traffic is one possibility for simulating these surrounding vehicles. Micro-models use various sub-models for car-following, lane-changing, speed adaptation, etc. to simulate driver behaviors at a microscopic level. The present chapter concerns the simulation of surrounding vehicles in driving simulators using traditional techniques for microscopic simulation of traffic.
Conclusions and Future Work
Published in Alexander Eriksson, Neville A. Stanton, Driver Reactions to Automated Vehicles, 2018
Alexander Eriksson, Neville A. Stanton
Whilst this may seem like a limitation of driving simulators, there are several advantages to using the driving simulator that on-road testing cannot provide. Driving simulators allow researchers to assess driver reactions to new technologies to be measured in a safe, controllable and repeatable manner in a virtual environment without putting the drivers at risk of crashing (Carsten and Jamson, 2011; De Winter et al., 2012; Flach et al., 2008; Nilsson, 1993; Stanton et al., 2001; Underwood et al., 2011). Moreover, driving simulators enable researchers to test systems not yet available on production vehicles and inform design decisions on such technologies with minimal development cost.
Driving Simulators for Research
Published in Mark S. Young, Michael G. Lenné, Simulators for Transportation Human Factors, 2017
Gary Burnett, Catherine Harvey, Richard Donkor
Initially developed to assess the skills and capabilities of van drivers, modern driving simulators have become tools for transport and road safety scientific research; driver and race driver training, assessment and rehabilitation; and entertainment (de Winter, van Leeuwen and Happee 2012). Driving simulators are used to study all three dimensions of driving – the driver, the vehicle and the traffic – road environment system – and their respective interactions. In terms of driving research, simulators have been used to address a wide variety of different issues, including the following:
A comparative assessment of subjective experience in simulator and on-road driving under normal and time pressure driving conditions
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2023
Nishant Mukund Pawar, Ankit Kumar Yadav, Nagendra R. Velaga
A driving simulator provides physical surrounding similar to an actual car with the help of control mechanisms and sound systems to stimulate the sense of driving experience. Nevertheless, the use of driving simulator is observed to be limited due to the adverse effect of simulator sickness. Simulator sickness is a condition analogous to motion sickness which is often experienced as a side effect during and after exposure to various virtual reality environments (Dużmańska et al., 2018; Lucas et al., 2020). Motion sickness is a sensation of wooziness often caused due to the perception of physical and visual motions (Heitz, 2018; Lucas et al., 2020). Drivers driving the simulator are in an illusion of self-motion where they experience movement due to simulation, but, in fact, are stationary. This effect is known as vection which produces an illusion of moving ahead (Almallah et al., 2021). The intensity of vection depends on the horizontal field of view. The horizontal field of view greater than 30 degrees results in a greater perception of self-motion (Stoner et al., 2011). However, a wide field of view is required in a driving simulator to display the right side and left side of the road for negotiating the driving scenario.
Adaptive driving simulation-based training: framework, status, and needs
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2020
Maryam Zahabi, Junho Park, Ashiq Mohammed Abdul Razak, Anthony D. McDonald
Driving simulators provide opportunities for training individuals to control and drive a vehicle under various driving conditions (e.g., heavy traffic, adverse weather, roadway configurations, hazards, driver distraction). In addition, as compared to on-road or naturalistic setting, driving simulators provide a safe and controlled environment for training. Driving simulators have been used extensively in training and have shown positive impact on driver performance. For example, studies have suggested that driving simulator-based training improved young drivers’ awareness of roadway information (Pradhan, Fisher, and Pollatsek 2006), driving performance of patients with autism spectrum disorder (Cox et al. 2017), and older adults’ field of view (Roenker et al. 2003). In emergency services, driving simulator-based training reduced negative effect of dual-tasks and improved responders’ performance (Hembroff, Arbuthnott, and Krätzig 2018). In addition, driving simulators have been implemented in several police departments and training centers throughout the country (e.g., Texas) to improve officers’ driving skills and multi-tasking performance. However, in a majority of driving simulator software applications (e.g., STISIM, DriveSafety, Forum 8, RTI), the scenario is pre-coded and is not capable of dynamic adaptation (i.e., the scenario cannot be adapted in real-time based on driver performance measures). With advances in wearable technologies, sensors, and artificial intelligence (AI), driving simulators can provide adaptive/personalized training to improve operator performance and learning.
Vehicle dynamics testing in motion based driving simulators
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2020
Sogol Kharrazi, Bruno Augusto, Niklas Fröjd
Driving simulators are a controllable and versatile environment which allows drivers to experience situations that would otherwise be impracticable in real-world conditions due to, e.g. threats to physical integrity, logistical costs, and conceptual technology, to name a few. Driving simulators come in different shapes and sizes corresponding to different fidelity levels and are usually developed having in mind a specific set of utilisation conditions. They are used in a broad spectrum of applications such as analysis of driver behaviour, development of vehicles, and study of new functionalities in vehicles, road infrastructure design and driver education. However, traditionally usage of driving simulators as a tool for vehicle dynamics testing has been uncommon due to limitations in the simulator fidelity or availability of simulated cues and feedback to the driver [1]. In recent years, a few car manufacturers have developed advanced motion-based driving simulators, which reportedly have been also used for vehicle dynamics testing. However, the publicly available information about the extent of these tests is limited.