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Propagation over Earth
Published in Fei Hu, Magnetic Communications, 2018
Mohammad N. Abdallah, Tapan K. Sarkar, Salazar-Palma Magdalena
The zero of the reflection coefficient in (13.35) illustrates the Brewster’s phenomenon (i.e., the wave goes into the second medium for a particular angle of incidence without reflecting any energy) and a pole for the reflection coefficient illustrates the presence of a surface wave (i.e., a wave propagating close to the interface). Also, in general, it is difficult to distinguish between a Zenneck wave and a surface wave as both decay exponentially as one moves away from the planar interface and the wave propagates with a low loss along the radial direction [5]. In addition, it is well known that the Brewster’s angle, which illustrates that a wave will penetrate into the second medium without reflection, is independent of frequency, whereas the surface wave phenomenon is highly dependent on frequency. As the frequency increases, the fields of the wave are more confined to the planar boundary. In addition a surface wave does not radiate, whereas a Zenneck wave does. These points have been illustrated in [5].
Unplugging the Grid: Energy Surety via Wireless Power
Published in Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, 2018
The Zenneck surface wave possess several physical characteristics that make it very attractive for global electrical power transmission. The wave is impervious to weather effects such as lightning, geomagnetic disturbances, or electromagnetic pulses (EMP), including those associated with a nuclear detonation. Unlike a wired grid, the wireless portion of a Zenneck wave system cannot be physically attacked. It is also very challenging for cyber attacks to target or cause cascading failures to a wireless system. Furthermore, at optimum transmission frequencies, the Zenneck wave is unaffected by variances in terrain or large man-made objects such as skyscrapers. It effectively “sees” the earth as a smooth, extremely efficient electrical conductor enabling it to wirelessly transfer electricity with greater efficiency than conventional transmission systems. When launched, the Zenneck surface wave literally envelops the planet like a balloon, enabling transmitter probes to be placed anywhere power can be generated and receivers to be placed anywhere power is needed. Once the Zenneck wave is launched and the wireless system is connected, electrical power flows directly from connected generators to any receiver experiencing a demand from a load.