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Solid Waste Source Reduction and Recycling
Published in Charles R. Rhyner, Leander J. Schwartz, Robert B. Wenger, Mary G. Kohrell, Waste Management and Resource Recovery, 2017
Charles R. Rhyner, Leander J. Schwartz, Robert B. Wenger, Mary G. Kohrell
White goods are large, bulky household appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, stoves, washers, dryers, and air conditioners. The annual discard rate is estimated to be about 2.7 million tonnes (3 million tons) (USEPA, 1992). Appliances typically contain large amounts of ferrous metals along with some nonferrous metals such as copper and aluminum. Their recycling rate is estimated to be 30% to 50% (Powelson and Powelson, 1992). Federal mandates imposed in the late 1980s and early 1990s drastically altered the white goods recycling system by requiring salvagers to deal with polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) and chlorofluorocarbon gases (CFCs). PCBs are present in electrical capacitors manufactured in the U.S. prior to 1979 or later in other countries, and must be removed from appliances and disposed of as toxic materials. CFCs must be recovered from appliances prior to processing to prevent their release into the atmosphere. Prior to 1990, CFCs were often released into the atmosphere.
The Manufacturing Industry
Published in Roger Timings, Basic Manufacturing, 2006
The electrical engineering subsector not only makes equipment such as generators, transformers, and the cables without which no electricity would reach homes and workplaces, it also produces a huge range of products which are complete in themselves and which you are likely to find in the home. Some of these are set out in Fig. 1.6. Domestic appliances are also referred to as ‘white goods’ and as ‘consumer durables’. First because they often come in white enamelled cabinets and second because they are used by domestic consumers and the products themselves are durable.
A circularity-based quality assessment tool to classify the core for recovery businesses
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Ashutosh Mishra, Priyanka Verma, Manoj Kumar Tiwari
We studied four cases from the automobile, power, and white goods sectors assessing the current circular practices in the remanufacturing operations of engine, motor gearbox, motor pump, and refrigerator (especially compressor) respectively. Table 4 mentions the descriptions of remanufacturing activities that are currently practiced for different product types. The working environment of these cases has been shown in Figure 5(b). The upper portion represents the flow of recovered products (in solid orange lines) such as remanufactured, recycled, and refurbished (recovered reusable core) in the recovery network. The second portion denotes the flow of recoverable (in dotted green lines) through different stakeholders.
Implementing the Integrated Design Process (IDP) to design, construct and monitor an eco-house in hot climate
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2021
The design team also ensures the selection of efficient appliances such as TV, refrigerator, freezer, and white goods highly-rated by EnergyStar. This program promotes energy efficiency (Energy Star 2019) for use in the house. This ensures that the appliance power density (APD) of the eco-house is fixed at 0.35 W/m2 while the conventional one would be more than 1 W/m2.