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Exploring the Next Generation of the Internet of Things in the 5G Era
Published in Yulei Wu, Haojun Huang, Cheng-Xiang Wang, Yi Pan, 5G-Enabled Internet of Things, 2019
Bao-Shuh Paul Lin, Yi-Bing Lin, Li-Ping Tung, Fuchun Joseph Lin
With the availability of ONOS, P4 and CORD are becoming popular in the ON community. This creates significant impacts to the SDN ecosystem, which includes a high-speed network vendor (programming protocol-independent packet processors [P4] switch), Rack solution provider (M-CORD [Central Office Re-architected as a Datacenter] box) silicon provider (system-on-a-chip/integrated circuit [SoC/IC]), commodity provider (white box switch, server, storage I/O, blade), and network service operator (services).
SDN and NFV
Published in Dijiang Huang, Ankur Chowdhary, Sandeep Pisharody, Software-Defined Networking and Security, 2018
Dijiang Huang, Ankur Chowdhary, Sandeep Pisharody
NFV is the concept of moving dedicated network functions from stand alone appliances to software running on any white box or Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS) server. By fundamentally altering the design and deployment process that service providers have used for a generation, NFV aims to inject dynamism and cost efficiency to an antiquated domain that suffered from chronic issues.
Software Cyborgs of Tomorrow
Published in Rocky Dr. Termanini, The Nano Age of Digital Immunity Infrastructure Fundamentals and Applications, 2018
Networking: Routers and switches are used to move data between the computing resources, the storage systems, and the outside world. These might be proprietary data center switches or white box switches running software-defined networking (SDN) software on commodity server hardware.
Parallel co-simulation of heavy-haul train braking dynamics with strong nonlinearities
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2023
Qing Wu, Colin Cole, Maksym Spiryagin, Pengfei Liu
This paper focuses on heavy-haul trains that uses central coupler systems and frictional draft gears. The European style of buffer-hook connection systems are not studied. For train dynamics modeling with central coupler systems, the most complex part is probably the modeling of draft gear forces. Draft gear force models can be practically put into three groups (Cole et al. 2017) comprising black-box models, white-box models, and grey-box models. The black-box draft gear models share a similar rationale with the empirical air brake models. Black-box models use mathematical expressions such as look-up tables, exponential functions, and polynomial functions to fit experimental data; for the case of draft gear models the experimental data usually means draft gear force-deflection (F-D) chrematistics. Such models have the advantages of being simple and having fast computing speeds but do not describe the design structure of the draft gears. The white-box models, on the other hand, describe draft gear designs by using force relations considering design parameters such as wedge angles, spring stiffnesses, pre-loads, and maximum deflections. The white-box models have higher fidelity, which are better for mechanical designs, but are more complex and slower in terms of computing speeds. Grey-box models follow the force mechanisms in the draft gear design as well but simplify the friction clutches by combining multiple wedge mechanisms into a single equivalent wedge mechanism. They have the advantages of being able to describe wedge mechanisms and variable friction while having faster computing speeds than the white-box models.
Assessing scalability of a low-voltage distribution grid co-simulation through functional mock-up interface
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2019
Vincent Reinbold, Christina Protopapadaki, Jean-Philippe Tavella, Dirk Saelens
The use of white box models is widely accepted in research and various validation studies demonstrated their reliability at the building level (Nouidui et al. 2012; Jensen 1995; Kersken, Heusler, and Strachan 2014). But, whereas multi-physical integration issues were circumvented by the use of open source libraries and white box models, researchers are facing other types of challenges, related to computation time and upscaling of the computational complexity. In a multi-physical context, Casella (2015) presents a detailed list of known issues with large-scale models, related to compilation, memory allocation or solvers. The most important are : the calculus of the Jacobian matrix and the inversion of the Hessian matrix for implicit solvers, which grows as with N the number of states,the memory allocation of those matrices,non-linear algebraic loops, between buildings and grid for instance, that requires iterative calculus,localized activities that impose to reduce the time steps and span the entire system, or events that requires iterative calculus of the system until convergence, andwidely different time scales, requiring small enough steps to stay within the allowed error tolerance for the fastest dynamic.