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The Telegraphic Interior
Published in Anca I. Lasc, Deborah Schneiderman, Keena Suh, Karin Tehve, Alexa Griffith Winton, Karyn Zieve, Interior Provocations, 2020
This network of wires, and the range of spaces to receive them, fundamentally transformed the communication of news, banking, and the brokerage of stocks and commodities.18 Everything from the clearance of checks, to the execution of trades, to the quotation of stocks, to adjustments in the price of grain, even the reporting of baseball scores and setting of clocks took place from San Francisco to New York and points in-between in a matter of minutes. In an era when telephone service was not yet universal, and the telephone network still under construction, the telegraph was an essential tool of communication and a subject of fascination, especially amongst commodities traders, who needed constant information updates to do business.19 Bookies also depended on the “wires,” which delivered the results of races and sporting events. Perhaps the biggest open secret in the telegraph industry was its dependence on revenues from gambling.20
Overview
Published in Carl Stephen Clifton, Data Communications, 2020
Telegraphy was used for long distance transmission because it was faster than the mail and permitted city to city, east to west, and coast to coast communication. By 1891, telephony was being used within cities to tie subscribers' business offices together, replacing messengers that formerly had run up and down the streets carrying information. Telephony at that time was a chaotic process and terribly inconvenient. Each telephone company could only connect its own subscribers together. The connection was made through a pair of wires dedicated to each subscriber which terminated in connectors in the central office. The wire pairs were then connected through a jumper cable inserted into the connectors by telephone operators at the request of the subscriber. These were the times of multiple phones on a manager's desk, one from each phone company. When A. S. Strowger invented his switch in 1891, he made possible the automatic connection of subscriber to subscriber, city to city, central office to central office—even competing telephone companies, and finally automatic connections nation to nation.
From the beat of the distant drum …
Published in Jonathan Higgins, Satellite Newsgathering, 2012
In 1844 Morse demonstrated the use of the telegraph to send a news story over his first long-distance telegraph circuit under construction alongside the railway line from Baltimore in Maryland to Washington, DC, a distance of about 60 km (37 miles). A telegraph operator at Annapolis Junction, Maryland, heard news of the announcement of the presidential nominee for the Whig party at a convention in Baltimore from a messenger on a Washington-bound train passing through Annapolis Junction. The telegraph line did not yet extend the full distance from Washington to Baltimore, but the telegraph operator was able to signal the news to Morse in Washington – the message via the train arrived in Washington an hour later. A few weeks later, on completion of the telegraph line, Morse sent the famous words from the Bible, ‘What hath God wrought!’ on his telegraph from the Supreme Court chamber in the US Capitol Building in Washington to the Mount Clare railroad depot in Baltimore.
Investigation of random telegraph signal in CMOS image sensors irradiated by protons.
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2021
Bingkai Liu, Yudong Li, Lin Wen, Dong Zhou, Jie Feng, Xiang Zhang, Yulong Cai, Jing Fu, Qi Guo
The random telegraph signal (RTS) in CMOS image sensors (CISs) causes the fluctuation of signal output value within a pixel between two or more discrete levels. According to the location of the RTS phenomenon occurrence, three types of RTS in CIS can be identified. The first one is the dark current fluctuation (DC-RTS) taking place in the pinned photodiode (PPD). The second type of RTS is the channel conductance variations of source follower MOSFET (SF-RTS) [1], and the last one is the variable leakage occurring in the sense node (SN-RTS) [2]. The RTS phenomenon discussed herein refers to the DC-RTS that is easily observed in CISs used for space missions, during which the imagers inevitably suffer from total ionizing dose (TID) effects and displacement damage (DD) effects. Both kinds of radiation damage lead to the appearance of DC-RTS and the DC-RTS has an influence on the in-flight calibration of the dark current.
On the solution of generalized time-fractional telegraphic equation
Published in Applied Mathematics in Science and Engineering, 2023
Kholoud Saad Albalawi, Rachana Shokhanda, Pranay Goswami
Hyperbolic partial differential equations have wide applications in various fields. The telegraph equation is a particular hyperbolic partial differential equation derived from the study of signal analysis for transmission and electrical signals. It is also used for modelling of the reaction-diffusion [13] equation. The classical telegraph equation explains well the common transmission phenomenon. Still, it fails to explain abnormal diffusion like finite long transmission due to the current–voltage wave. The telegraph equation of fractional order describes such process very well. The fractional telegraph equation helps to understand the diffusion in blood flow better [14].
The emergence of time light signals for rating of marine chronometers
Published in The International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 2023
At 1 p.m. on chronometer rating-days a galvanometer signal for rating chronometers is sent from the observatory to the Public Telegraph Office, Customhouse Quay, Wellington, and to the Dominion Museum, Wellington. The needle moves at 1 p.m. exactly of New Zealand standard mean time, when a chronometer set to Greenwich mean time should show 13h. 30 m. Any difference will be the error of the chronometer at Greenwich mean time.