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Prototyping of automated systems
Published in Fuewen Frank Liou, Rapid Prototyping and Engineering Applications, 2019
Drives or motors are devices that provide continuous movements and usually rotational motion. As shown in Figure 8.4, a stepping motor rotates through a given angle for every electrical pulse from the controller. The advantages of a stepping motor include the facts that motor and control boards are small in size and position control is excellent. The disadvantages of the stepping motor are that torque control is limited, the motion is not as smooth at low rpm, and calibration is often needed. Figure 8.5 shows a schematic diagram when using a pair of rollers to advance plastic film using friction. As the film is printed and will be cut precisely into labels right after the roller advances, a stepping motor may be considered as a candidate to drive the rotor. One issue is that after some usage, the film may be out of position for cutting due to slippage of the film on the rollers, and thus, recalibration may be needed.
Deep Learning Based Object Attitude Estimation for a Laser Beam Control Research Testbed
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2023
Leonardo Herrera, Kim Jae Jun, Jeffrey Baker, Brij N. Agrawal
The laboratory target range is developed as shown in Figure 1 to provide image data generation capabilities. The rotational motion of the target is recreated to be as realistic as possible with a 3D-printed titanium UAV model attached to a rotational stage. The scaled UAV model has a painted surface with a wingspan of 3 inches (see Figure 2). The gimbal stepper motor’s positions are controlled to create different UAV rotational configurations, and the SWIR sensor is used to grab all the different attitude configurations of the UAV. Every data generated corresponds to an image of a UAV object with a particular attitude and corresponding labels represented by Euler angles. The procedure for generating the data is as follows: • From MATLAB, the angular positions of the three stepper motors in the gimbal are controlled. Arduino UNO and two Adafruit Motor Shield V2 interfaces between MATLAB and motors, Arduino UNO is the controller, and Adafruit Motor Shield V2 is the driver. Figure 3 shows a detailed view of the gimbal. The stepper motors are set to micro-stepping to have a smoother motion and higher resolution, M to 88.88 steps per degree, M to 35 steps per degree, and M to 44.44 steps per degree.
Automated system for performing pH-based titrations
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
Naga P. D. Boppana, Robyn A. Snow, Paul S. Simone, Gary L. Emmert, Michael A. Brown
The dosing system was based on a stepper motor syringe pump developed in previous work that was used to accurately deliver titrant.[17,18] A 5-mL gas-tight syringe was used for the syringe pump and delivered 100 µL of a titrant with 2% precision.[17,18] The syringe pump consists of a NEMA-17 1:5 gear ratio bipolar stepper motor and AMIS-30543 micro stepping bipolar stepper motor driver. A Raspberry Pi 3 B + was used to generate the number of square pulses necessary to deliver precise quantities of the titrant. The absolute position of the syringe plunger was monitored to ensure the plunger is within the physical limits of the barrel and provides feedback to determine the volume required to refill or empty the syringe. A 10-cm linear potentiometer coupled with an ADS1115 digital converter was used to determine the plunger position.
Low-cost automated pipetting system using a single board computer and 3D-printing
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
Naga P. D. Boppana, Robyn A. Snow, Paul S. Simone, Gary L. Emmert, Michael A. Brown
A dual syringe pump was constructed using 3 D-printed support structures along with a NEMA-17 1:5 gear ratio bipolar stepper motor, an AMIS-30543 micro stepping bipolar stepper motor driver board, and additional hardware. TurboCAD 2016 (IMSI/Design, Novato, CA, USA), a computer-aided design (CAD) software package, was used to design the components and files were saved in stereolithography format files (STL). The STL files were then uploaded to Formlabs Preform software and models were printed by a Formlabs Form 2 Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA) printer (Formlabs, Somerville, MA USA). After printing was completed, the models were soaked in isopropyl alcohol to remove excess resin for 40 minutes and dried under normal laboratory conditions for 2 to 3 hours. Supports were detached from the models and parts were assembled to complete the dual syringe pump (Figure 2).