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5G Networks
Published in Mahbub Hassan, Wireless and Mobile Networking, 2022
Most of the current radio towers use vertical sector antennas to focus energy in the 2D horizontal plane to serve people on the ground. Increasingly, people are now living in high rise apartments. With popularity of drones, cellular networks are also facing the issue of connecting devices that may fly above the ground. Thus, new mechanisms are required to reach devices that are spread in 3D.
Assessment of Impact of Beamwidth of Directional Antennas on Successful Transmissions in mmWave Adhoc 5G Networks
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Garima Shukla, Mirza Tariq Beg, Brejesh Lall
Each directional transmitter and directional receiver TX and RX have an ideal two-dimensional antenna gain pattern The angle parameter of G is taken relative to the antenna’s boresight or “forward” direction. The gain pattern is assumed to be symmetric about . Furthermore, the total radiated power (TRP) of the antenna pattern is assumed to remain constant over the parameter space. The Ideal sector antenna gain pattern G can be defined by the beamwidth main beam gain gmain, and sidelobe gain gside with 0 <gside≪ 1 <gmain for the purposes of this study. The error distributions are assumed to be having normal distribution as the most likely scenario between the intended transmitter and receiver. The antenna gains, after combining with the error distributions, can give the following gain distributions[7]: Also, follows a similar distribution as above with replaced by
Sector Scanning Algorithm (SSA) for device discovery in D2D communication
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2021
O. Hayat, R. Ngah, Siti Z. Mohd Hashim
where is the numerical values, is the channel model values between the base station to device or device to device, is the device position, and is the base station position and sector antenna position while is the position error. At the end, a device discovery estimation is calculated by the Riccati Equation and the discovery performance is assessed as