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Published in Chad A. Mirkin, Spherical Nucleic Acids, 2020
Stacey N. Barnaby, Ryan V. Thaner, Michael B. Ross, Keith A. Brown, George C. Schatz, Chad A. Mirkin
Use of the Scherrer equation allows one to calculate the mean crystallite size for a given sample, defined as the average diameter of a single-crystalline domain. These calculations show that the grain sizes are all very similar regardless of bond type (Table 40.1), thus demonstrating the power of programmable assembly for generating crystals of similar size but with different oligonucleotide constituents. Together, these data demonstrate that tuning the oligonucleotide bond is an important new handle for on-demand materials properties including melting temperature and interparticle distance in crystalline nanoparticle materials. Finally, SAXS patterns of analogous DNA and RNA superlattices stored at 25°C were obtained throughout the course of 100 days. These data revealed that the superlattices remain well ordered, with the interparticle distance changing <1 nm and crystalline domain size changing <20 nm over this time period. This demonstrates that the RNA stability is adequate for its use as a programmable ligand in nanoparticle superlattices.
2 films
Published in Ai Sheng, Energy, Environment and Green Building Materials, 2015
The crystalline phase and the crystallite size were measured by Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation at 40 kV and 25 mA. The average crystallite sizes were calculated according to the Scherrer equation. Surface morphology of the TiO2 films was detected using high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) (S-3400N). The PL emission spectra were recorded at room temperature by a FLS 920 spectrometer with a 300 nm line of 450 W Xenon lamp as excitation source. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra of the films were recorded on a UV–Vis spectrophotometer (TU-1901) using blank glass plate as a reference.
3) for the arsenic removal from water
Published in Yong-Guan Zhu, Huaming Guo, Prosun Bhattacharya, Jochen Bundschuh, Arslan Ahmad, Ravi Naidu, Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World, 2019
R.M. Tamayo Calderón, R. Espinoza Gonzales, F. Gracia Caroca
The X-ray diffraction result has good agreement with JCPDS 01-078-1013 (Fig. 1a) corresponding to calcium titanate perovskite with orthorhombic structure. The crystallite size was calculated by Scherrer equation giving a 20.9 nm. As shown in Figure 1b. The nanoparticles have an irregular shape and the most frequent size is between 10 nm to 60 nm. The specific surface area of CTO nanoparticles reaches 43.85 m2 g−1. Zeta potential results indicate to pH = 3.5 as zero charge point, which indicates a positively charged outer surface of CTO nanoparticles.
Wettability alteration of sandstone oil reservoirs by different ratios of graphene oxide/silica hybrid nanofluid for enhanced oil recovery
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Farzad Kashefi, Samad Sabbaghi, Rahmatallah Saboori, Kamal Rasouli
The nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and Zeta potential measurement. The Scherrer equation was utilized to determine the authenticity of the synthesized nanomaterial, as well as the crystal structure of the created nanomaterial. Using a Phillips X'PERT Pro diffractometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations were taken at ambient temperature. CuKɑ was used as the radiation source, using a 45 kV voltage converter and a 40 mA current. In set period the 0 mode, the 2theta detection range was 5°–80° with a step interval of 0.016°. At a 20 kV accelerating voltage, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was being used to examine the dispersing quality of the composites, the size of nanostructures, and the morphology of GO–SiO2 and GO. The FTIR analysis was also used to verify the material produced and to determine chemical bonds between components in a sample. A Bruker was performed to record the GO/SiO2 NPs’ Fourier-transform infrared spectra. The DLS method was employed to determine the Zeta potential and size distribution of produced nanoparticles, as well as to investigate the stability of nanofluids.
Synthesis of OMC supported Pt catalysts and the effect of the metal loading technique on their PEM fuel cell performances
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2020
Silver Güneş, F. Çiğdem Güldür
Nitrogen adsorption studies were contucted to gather information about the pore structures, surface areas, mean pore sizes and pore volumes of the catalysts. Analysis was performed by a Quantachrome Autosorb-6B model sorptometer. All samples were preheated at 110 °C for 1 h. Adsorption-desorption isotherms were evaluated on the basis of BET (Brunnauer-Emmet-Teller) and BJH (Barrett-Joiner-Halenda) adsorption models. X-ray diffraction analysis was conducted to investigate the phases and crystal structures. X-ray scannings were performed between 0.2° and 90° by a 0.02° min−1 scan rate using a Rigaku model diffractometer equipped with a Cu (Kα) source, generating 1.54 Å radiation. Scherrer equation was used in the calculation of the mean particle crystal sizes. TEM analysis was conducted to obtain further insight into the catalysts morphology. Images were obtained by a JEM Jeol 2100 F model HRTEM microscope. To study the surface chemistry of the samples, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were collected by a Bruker Vertex 70/70v model spectrophotometer with 4 cm−1 resolution, using KBr pellets. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectromectry (ICP-MS) analysis was carried out in a Perkin Elmer DRC model spectrometer to find the actual metal contents of the catalysts.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with adiantum capillus-veneris L leaf extract in the batch process and assessment of antibacterial activity
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2018
Sariyeh Omidi, Sajjad Sedaghat, Kambiz Tahvildari, Pirouz Derakhshi, Fereshte Motiee
The crystal structure of AgNPs was determined and confirmed via XRD analysis. After placing the air-dried NPs on an XRD grid, they were assessed in terms of AgNP formation, using an X-ray diffractometer (Cu Kα radiation, θ–2θ configuration; PANalytical) with an X’Pert Pro generator (30 mA; 40 kV). For measuring the crystallite domain size, the XRD peak width was determined under the assumption that non-uniform strains are absent. The Scherrer equation was calculated as follows (Equation 1):where D denotes the average crystallite domain size perpendicular to the reflecting planes, λ presents the X-ray wavelength, β represents the full width at half maximum (FWHM), and θ indicates the diffraction angle.