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Inverters
Published in Timothy L. Skvarenina, The Power Electronics Handbook, 2018
Michael Giesselmann, Attila Karpati, István Nagy, Dariusz Czarkowski, Michael E. Ropp, Eric Walters, Oleg Wasynczuk
Three main types of Class D voltage-source resonant inverters (known also as series-loaded or simply series-resonant inverters) have been presented, namely, the series-resonant inverter (SRI), the parallel-resonant inverter (PRI), and the series-parallel-resonant inverter (SPRI). The maximum voltage across the switches in Class D voltage-source inverters (both half-bridge and full-bridge) is low and equal to the DC input voltage Vj. Operation above the resonant frequency fr is preferred for Class D inverters. Such an operation results in an inductive load for semiconductor switches. The transistors turn on at zero voltage, the turn-on switching loss is reduced, Miller's effect is absent, the transistor input capacitance is low, the transistor drive-power requirement is low, and turn-on speed is high. However, the transistor turn-off is lossy. The antiparallel diodes turn off at a low di/dt. During operation below resonance the antiparallel diodes turn off at a high di/dt and, if they are not sufficiently fast, can generate high reverse-recovery current spikes. These spikes are present in the switch current waveforms at both the switch turn-on and turn-off and may destroy the transistor. For operation below resonance, the transistors are turned on at a high voltage equal to Vj and the transistor output capacitance is discharged into a low transistor on-resistance. Hence, the turn-on switching loss is high. The resonant frequency fr is constant in the SRI and depends on the load in the PRI and the SPRI.
Resonant-Pulse Inverters
Published in Muhammad H. Rashid, SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power, 2017
The input to a resonant inverter is a DC voltage or current source, and the output is a voltage or current resonant pulse. Power semiconductor devices perform the switching action, and the desired output is obtained by varying their turn-on and turn-off times. The commonly used devices are BJTs, MOSFETs, IGBTs, MCTs, GTOs, and SCRs. We shall use PSpice switches, IGBTs, and BJTs to simulate the characteristics of the following inverters: Resonant-pulse inverterZero-current switching converter (ZCSC)Zero-voltage switching converter (ZVSC)
Hybrid Vehicles
Published in Arumugam S. Ramadhas, Alternative Fuels for Transportation, 2016
The power converter functions to regulate bidirectional power flow within the ISG system. Conventionally, it is a low-voltage high-current inverter that generally suffers from high-power losses (Liu, Hu, and Xu 2004). By incorporating an additional DC-DC stage, the DC-DC-AC converter can provide a flexible DC-link voltage, hence improving the torque–speed characteristics and system efficiency (Xu and Liu 2004). However, these converters have the drawbacks of high-switching stress and electromagnetic interference (EMI). To alleviate these drawbacks, both the resonant inverter and multilevel inverter are proposed. The resonant inverter can offer the merit of soft switching, but needs a complicated operation of an additional resonant circuitry (Alan and Lipo 2000; Chau, Yao, and Chan 1999). The multilevel inverter can be classified as a high-frequency pulse-width-modulation (PWM) multilevel inverter type, and a fundamental-frequency, multilevel inverter type (Loh, Holmes, and Lipo 2005; Rodriguez, Lai, and Peng 2002). Particularly, the latter type generates staircase AC output that takes advantage of low switching loss and minimum EMI. This includes the diode-clamped, multilevel inverter, capacitor-clamped multilevel inverter, cascaded multilevel inverter, and switched capacitor converter multilevel inverter (Axelrod, Berkovich, and Ioinovici 2005). However, they have the drawbacks that many switches and capacitors are necessary to generate a sufficient level of staircase AC voltage waveform, whereas the maximum number of capacitors is governed by the stipulated output voltage. Recently, these drawbacks have been alleviated by using partial charging; namely, multiple voltage steps per capacitor (Chan and Chau 2007).
A novel solar photo voltaic powered drive for the SRM for irrigation purposes using a partial resonant AC link DC to a DC boost converter
Published in Automatika, 2023
R. Kalai Selvi, R. Suja Mani Malar
The authors in [25] have presented a voltage equalizer system based on a two-switch configuration with an LLC resonant inverter followed by a voltage multiplier. The authors have developed the proposed system to manage partially shaded conditions applicable to a string of photovoltaic modules. A sliding mode controller-based MPPT for the harvest of SPV source used with a PRI followed by a doubler rectifier has been presented in [26]. In another development [27] a bidirectional partial resonant AC link converter has been proposed and validated. A similar application of the PRI for harvesting renewable energy has been proposed and validated by the authors in [28]. The authors in [29] have presented an elaborate analysis of the modern series and parallel resonant inverters and converters for applications in solar power harvesting. The authors in [30] have developed a voltage equalizer system using an inverter developed with a set of two switches and a partially resonant series inverter along with a voltage multiplier specifically for use in SPV systems subjected to partially shaded solar irradiance. A novel series resonant inverter with a current regulation scheme for the pulse width modulation had been proposed and validated by the authors in [31].
A Phase Angle Self-Synchronization Topology for Parallel Operations of Multi-Inverters in High Frequency AC Distribution
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2018
Junfeng Liu, Xuesheng Li, Zehui Yu, Jun Zeng
Switching network and resonant tank are the essential parts of resonant inverter. The structure of switching network contains half-bridge switching network (HSN) and full-bridge switching network (FSN). The typical FSN inverter as shown in Figure 1 is comprised of full-bridge and LCLC-T resonant tank with phase-shift control. Full-bridge switching network is used to regulate output voltage; while LCLC-T resonant tank is used to filter the high frequency harmonics. The resonant tank is used for the high-order harmonics elimination of the output voltage/current and soft switching condition. An APWM resonant inverter was proposed with half-bridge chopper and LCLC-LC resonant tank [16]. Both low THD and near-zero switching losses are achieved; while the extra filter inductor and capacitor are required to eliminate the second harmonics caused by asymmetry chopper voltage. A high-frequency resonant inverter composed by half-bridge and LCL-T resonant tank was presented with switched capacitor circuit [17]. The sinusoid source is guaranteed with low THD, and the parameter tolerance is compensated by switched capacitor unit. However, the regulation capability of this topology is relatively restricted for the high frequency application. A resonant inverter comprised of full-bridge and LCLC resonant tank was presented with phase-shift modulation [18]. The better regulation capability is accomplished by full-bridge; and the waveform quality is guaranteed by the LCLC resonant tank. The load characteristics and the soft switching both are improved. However, the coupling of amplitude and phase make it inadequacy for parallel operation.
Merits of SiC MOSFETs for high-frequency soft-switched converters, measurement verifications by both electrical and calorimetric methods
Published in EPE Journal, 2019
S. Tiwari, J. K. Langelid, T. M. Undeland, O.-M. Midtgård
In this section, the significance of using an appropriate inverter topology for the correct assessment of the switching loss is investigated. Two different topologies studied include a half-bridge series resonant inverter with split DC-link capacitors and an LC load, which has a sine wave output current, and a half-bridge inductive clamped load without split DC-link capacitors. For a fair comparison between the topologies and the switching losses, the same gate driver board as that used during the calorimetric loss measurement method is employed during the electrical method.