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Surveillance
Published in Vincent P. Galotti, The Future Air Navigation System (FANS), 2019
In order to fully understand this chapter, it is necessary to first become familiar with a few of the common international terms which are frequently used when referring to surveillance and which you will see often as you become involved with international civil aviation. Automatic dependent surveillance (ADS) is a function for use by ATS in which aircraft automatically transmit, via data link, data derived from on-board navigation systems. As a minimum, the data include aircraft identification and three-dimensional position. Additional data may be provided as appropriate.ADS-based ATC system In addition to the definition for ADS, the ADS-based ATC system also includes the capability to exchange messages between pilot and controller via data link and by voice for emergency and non-routine communications.Mode S An enhanced mode of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) that permits the selective interrogation of Mode S transponders, the two way exchange of digital data between Mode S ground stations and transponders, and also the interrogation of Mode A/C transponders.Mode S data link A means of performing an interchange of digital data through the use of Mode S ground stations and transponders in accordance with defined protocols.Primary radar A radar system which uses reflected radio signals.Radar A radio detection device which provides information on range, azimuth and/or elevation.Radar blip A generic term for the visual indication, in non-symbolic form, on a radar display of the position of an aircraft obtained by primary or secondary radar.Radar display An electronic display of radar derived information depicting the position and movement of aircraft.Secondary Surveillance radar A surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/receivers (interrogators) and transponders.Transponder A receiver/transmitter which will generate a reply signal upon proper interrogation; the interrogation and reply being on different frequencies.
Analysis and Design of Compressive Pulsed Radar Based on Adaptive Pipelined Algorithm
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Sameh Ghanem, Fathy A. Abdel Kader
Resolution in range means that the smallest distance between two targets to appear on the radar display, as two targets, not one target. To discuss the resolution of the adaptive recovery CAMP algorithm, a reconstruction process is introduced for the received pulsed radar signal with two successive targets using this algorithm. The range resolution of the adaptive algorithm is evaluated by simulated two targets at range cell numbers (512), and (513) respectively. Figure 12 shows the simulation results for reconstructing pulsed radar signal for two successive targets in the received radar signal by using the proposed algorithm at SNR = 0 dB, reduction ratio 85%, and Pfa = 10−6. From this figure, it is clear that the resolution in the range of the received pulsed radar signals does not change using the adaptive CAMP algorithm.
Design and application of a real-time monitoring system for vessel motion and sea environment
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2021
Duanfeng Han, Kuo Huang, Yingfei Zan, Lihao Yuan, Zhaohui Wu, Dongchun Kang
The X-band radar is adopted for the measurement of waves and currents. In previous studies, wave buoys were used to measure wave parameters (Edwards et al. 2005; Krogstad et al. 1999). However, compared to the X-band radar, wave buoys are more expensive and are less stable (Wang et al. 2018). Furthermore, the X-band radar can monitor both waves and surface currents. The X-band radar (Figure 3) mainly consists of the radar transceiver, radar processor unit, integrated video digitizer, display, and control panel. The wave and surface currents are measured by the radar transceiver through electromagnetic waves and are recorded by the radar processor unit after being processed by the synchronization device. The records are directly converted into real-time images, which are displayed on the radar display. Then, the integrated video digitizer converts them into digital signals, which will be received and analyzed by the computer for radar. The parameters needed are finally displayed and stored by the computer as numbers and are transmitted to the host computer for data collection. The accuracies of the radar used in this study are presented in Table 1.
The motor intentional core of situation awareness
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2019
Epistemic actions are ubiquitous in applied domains. For example, UAS operators can use epistemic actions to alter the zoom on a camera to reveal whether a detected convoy represents the movement of enemy vehicles or whether they belong to noncombatants. Likewise, ATCs can physically manipulate the radar display so that it produces J-rings around aircraft symbols. These J-rings are circles that appear around an aircraft symbol and move along with it. The size of the J-ring reflects the minimum separation required between aircraft (e.g. 5 nautical miles). By seeing whether the J-rings around two aircraft are likely to overlap, the controller can determine whether the aircraft will lose separation. In carrying out this epistemic action, controllers can avoid the continuous need to compute the distance between aircraft over time, which can be taxing when traffic density is high.