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Case Study: Interplanetary Networks
Published in Aloizio Pereira da Silva, Scott Burleigh, Katia Obraczka, Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networks, 2019
Aloizio P. Silva, Scott Burleigh
The core protocols of the Internet (termed “TCP/IP”) are the Internet Protocol, which establishes the paths by which packets of data are sent from location to location in the network, and the Transport Control Protocol, which guarantees that the data gets to its destination, providing ways for errors to be detected and packets to be resent when necessary. The key assumptions underlying the design of these protocols are: End-to-end connectivity always exists between devices attempting to communicate with each other. When the connection breaks it is necessary to establish the entire communication session again.Round-trip times (RTT) between any two nodes of the network are brief, usually less than 1 second.Bit error rates on transmission channels are generally very low.Data rates on each link are generally symmetrical: messages from A to B are transmitted at about the same rate as messages from B to A.
ATM Networking: Implementation Considerations
Published in P. S. Neelakanta, ATM Telecommunications, 2018
TCP can be regarded as a “stop and wait protocol, sending a window of data and then waiting for acknowledgements of previously sent data before sending additional data. To maximize the network throughput the “bit pipe” must be kept full. This corresponds to the TCP window size being large enough to continuously transmit data for a period of time equal to the RTT, where RTT is the round trip time. The RTT measures the elapsed time from when data is sent from sender to when sender acknowledges receipt of that data. The bandwidth-delay product determines the minimum TCP window size meeting this condition, namely, TCP window size > link bandwidth × RTT.
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Published in Richard Zurawski, Industrial Communication Technology Handbook, 2017
TCP manages a dynamic estimation of the RTO. For that purpose, a round-trip time (RTT) is measured after the sending of every packet that is not a retransmission. The RTT is the time taken for a packet to reach the remote device and to get back an acknowledgment to the sending device. The RTT of a connection is calculated dynamically; nevertheless, if TCP cannot get an estimate within 3 s, the default value of the RTT is set to 3 s.
Analysis of Ethernet Control Network
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
In this work, we report a case study of the system that is built on a private LAN and each node is created with the Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) processors connected to analog sensors and actuators. This automation and the control are monitored from the Cryogenic control room. The measured round trip time (RTT) of the network-servers within the system is found to be within 1–4 milliseconds at the worst-case highest traffic of ∼100 kB/s in a 100 Mbps LAN. The system has been tested with 0% packet loss successfully with consistent performance of 24 months and is presently in use continuously.
A survey of deep learning approaches for WiFi-based indoor positioning
Published in Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 2022
Xu Feng, Khuong An Nguyen, Zhiyuan Luo
WiFi round-trip time (RTT) information is the creation of the fine time measurement (FTM) protocol for ranging proposed by the IEEE 802.11-2016. It is a new protocol that could be used to directly calculate the time duration of a single WiFi signal to travel from the transmitter to the receiver. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is only one research paper in this area that uses both RTT and deep learning in the indoor positioning system.