China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Quantum Imaging
Published in Yanhua Shih, An Introduction to Quantum Optics, 2020
Although questions regarding fundamental issues of quantum theory still exist, quantum entanglement has started to play important roles in practical engineering applications. Quantum imaging is one of these exciting areas. Quantum imaging has so far demonstrated three peculiar features: (1) enhancing the spatial resolution of imaging beyond the diffraction limit; (2) reproducing ghost images in a “nonlocal” manner; and (3) dispersion-cancelation or turbulence-free imaging. The enhanced spatial resolution apparently “violates” the uncertainty principle. The ghost imaging is considered as a “nonlocal” phenomenon due to a point-to-point correlation of two interaction-free photons at distance. All the above peculiar features are the results of two-photon interference, which involves the superposition of two-photon amplitudes, a nonclassical entity corresponding to different yet indistinguishable alternative ways of creating a joint-detection event. The concept of two-photon interference was introduced from the study of entangled states. It does not, however, restricted to entangled states only. Multi-photon interference is a general phenomenon occurring in multi-photon joint-detection events.
Double image encryption scheme for iris template protection using 3D Lorenz system and modified equal modulus decomposition in hybrid transform domain
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2020
Pankaj Rakheja, Phool Singh, Rekha Vig, Ravi Kumar
Optical encryption has emerged a few decades back when Refregier and Javidi [1] designed a double random phase encoding (DRPE) technique in 1995. In that, two statistically distributed random phase masks are used in both spatial and Fourier domains of a 4-f setup to turn an amplitude image into ciphertext image having pixel distribution similar to that of stationary white noise. Optical encryption mechanisms based on DRPE were later explored and enhanced by various researchers in different transform domains such as Fourier [2], fractional Fourier [3–5], gyrator wavelet [6], fractional Mellin [7], Hartley [8], wavelet [9,10], Fresnel [11], gyrator and Arnold [12], and even advanced technologies were also combined to enhance their security like using diffractive imaging [13], random binary phase modulation with mixture retrieval type of Yang-Gu algorithm [14], phase retrieval algorithm [15], photo counting and photo counting polarimetric image encryption [16,17], compression-based image encryption [18,19], digital holography and joint correlators [20,21], fractional Hartley domain using Arnold transform and singular value decomposition [22], phase shifting interferometry [23], diffraction imaging-based encryption and their vulnerability to ptychographic phase retrieval [24], encryption scheme based on the computational ghost imaging [25], encryption scheme based on quantum imaging [26] and so on [27].
Asymmetric hybrid encryption scheme based on modified equal modulus decomposition in hybrid multi-resolution wavelet domain
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2019
Pankaj Rakheja, Rekha Vig, Phool Singh
The optical cryptosystems have gained a lot of popularity among researchers due to their inherent properties of large information capacity, parallel processing and high speed. Refregier and Javidi (1) proposed double random phase encoding (DPRE) in 1995. DPRE-based optical schemes were investigated and further enhanced by various researchers using different techniques: in fractional Fourier domain (2, 3), in Fresnel domain (4), using amplitude modulation (5), using fractional Fourier transform in digital holography (6), using diffractive imaging (7), using phase retrieval algorithm and intermodulation in Fourier domain (8). To improve the security of optical encryption schemes, various advanced technologies are combined in many ways such as image encoding based on multi-stage and multi-channel fractional Fourier transform (9), random binary phase modulation with mixture retrieval type of Yang-Gu algorithm (10), gyrator and Arnold transform (11), digital holography and joint correlators (12, 13), fractional Mellin transform (14), Hartley transform (15), Arnold transform and singular value decomposition in fractional Hartley domain (16), wavelet domain (17), gyrator wavelet transform (18), phase shifting interferometry (19), phase retrieval algorithm (20), photo counting and photo counting polarimetric image encryption (21, 22), compression-based image encryption (23, 24), diffraction imaging-based encryption and their vulnerability to ptychographic phase retrieval (25), encryption based on computational ghost imaging (26), encryption based on quantum imaging (27) and so on.
Quantum technology a tool for sequencing of the ratio DSS/DNA modifications for the development of new DNA-binding proteins
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Adamu Yunusa Ugya, Kamel Meguellati
Quantum technology is a new field of physics and engineering that is based on quantum physics principles. Quantum computing, quantum sensors, quantum cryptography, quantum simulation, quantum metrology, and quantum imaging are all examples of quantum technologies that use quantum mechanics properties, particularly quantum entanglement, quantum superposition, and quantum tunneling [85]. Any science concerned with systems that display noticeable quantum-mechanical effects, where waves have particle qualities and particles behave like waves, is referred to as quantum physics. Quantum mechanics has applications in both explaining natural events and developing technology that rely on quantum effects, such as integrated circuits and lasers [86]. Quantum mechanics is also crucial for understanding how covalent bonds connect individual atoms to form molecules. Quantum chemistry is the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry. Quantum mechanics may also demonstrate which molecules are energetically favorable to which others and the magnitudes of the energy involved in ionic and covalent bonding processes [86]. The algebraic determination of the hydrogen spectrum by [87] and the treatment of diatomic molecules by [88] were the earliest applications of quantum mechanics to physical systems. Modern technology operates on a scale where quantum effects are significant in many ways. Quantum chemistry, quantum optics, quantum computing, superconducting magnets, light-emitting diodes, the optical amplifier and laser, the transistor and semiconductors such as the microprocessor, and medical and research imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and electron microscopy are all important applications of quantum theory. Many biological and physical phenomena, most notably the macromolecule DNA, have explanations based on the nature of chemical bonds. Multiple governments have established quantum technology exploration programs since 2010, including the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme [89], which created four quantum ‘hubs’, the Singapore Center for Quantum Technologies, and QuTech, a Dutch center to develop a topological quantum computer [90]. The European Union launched the Quantum Technology Flagship in 2016, a €1 billion, ten-year megaproject comparable to the European Future and Emerging Technologies Flagship initiatives. The National Quantum Initiative Act, passed in December 2018, allocates a $1 billion annual budget for quantum research in the United States. Large corporations have made multiple investments in quantum technology in the private sector. Google’s collaboration with the John Martinis group at UCSB, various relationships with D-wave Systems, a Canadian quantum computing business, and investment by many UK corporations in the UK quantum technologies initiative are just a few examples [91].