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Introduction
Published in Yu Ding, Data Science for Wind Energy, 2019
The wind turbines considered here are the utility-scale, horizontal axis turbines. As illustrated in Fig. 1.1, a turbine, comprising thousands of parts, has three main, visible components: the blades, the nacelle, and the tower. The drive train and control system, including the gearbox and the generator, are inside the nacelle. While the vast majority of horizontal axis wind turbines use a gearbox to speed up the rotor speed inside the generator, there are also direct drive wind turbines in which the gearbox is absent and the rotor directly drives the generator. An anemometer or a pair of them can be found sitting on top of the nacelle, towards its rear end, to measure wind speed, whereas a vane is for the measurement of wind direction. Responding to changes in wind direction, yaw control is to rotate and point the nacelle to where the wind comes from. Responding to changes in wind speed, pitch control turns the blades in relation to the direction of the incoming air flow, adjusting the capability of the turbine to absorb the kinetic energy in the wind or the turbine’s efficiency in doing so.
Wind technology design and reverse osmosis systems for off-grid and grid-connected applications
Published in Hacene Mahmoudi, Noreddine Ghaffour, Mattheus Goosen, Jochen Bundschuh, Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination, 2017
Eftihia Tzen, Kyriakos Rossis, Jaime González, Pedro Cabrera, Baltasar Peñate, Vicente Subiela
For rotor control there are two primary strategies: pitch control and stall control (EWEA, 2009a). The pitch control system is a vital part of the modern wind turbine. This is because the pitch control not only continually regulates the pitch angle of the wind turbine’s blade, to enhance the efficiency of wind energy conversion and the stability of power generation, but also serves as a security system in case of high wind speeds or emergency situations. Even in the event of grid power failure, the rotor blades can still be driven into their feathered (edge-on) positions by using either the power of backup batteries or capacitors, or mechanical energy storage devices. Early techniques of active blade pitch control applied hydraulic actuators to control all blades together. However, these pitch control techniques could not completely satisfy all the requirements of blade pitch angle regulation, especially with the increased blade size of MW wind turbines. This is because wind is highly turbulent in flow and wind speed is proportional to height above ground. In today’s wind power industry there are primarily two types of blade pitch control systems:
Wind Turbine Lubrication
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants, 2020
Pitch control: Serves the essential purpose of setting wind turbine blades at the best angle to the wind to turn the rotor at the designated rotating speed. Feathering the blades stops the rotor during emergency shutdown, or whenever the wind speed exceeds the maximum speed designed for the wind turbine. During construction and maintenance of wind turbines, the blades are usually feathered to reduce unwanted rotational torque in the event of wind gusts. The lubricant used in the pitch gearbox is typically ISO VG150 EP gear oil.
Servomotor Pitching Control Method for H-Type Darrieus Turbine
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Ramesh K. Kavade, P. M. Ghanegaonkar, Prateek D. Malwe, Chandrakant Kothare, Prashant Darade, Ghanashyam M. Chendke, Hitesh Panchal, Radhey Shyam Meena, Ibham Veza
The Darrieus variable blade pitch turbine can resolve fixed pitch turbine beginning problems. Numerous researchers have built the variable pitch turbine and examined its effectiveness for various pitch angles that fluctuate with a sinusoidal curve [8–10]. For the Darrieus turbine, many active and passive pitching techniques are used, and the performance of the turbine using these techniques is examined by numerous researchers [11–13]. The variable pitch control method is potential resolution for VAWT to enhance self-starting capacity, increase power coefficient, and enlarge the working conditions. The variable blade pitch control can be achieved by two pitch control methods, namely, passive and active pitch control methods. In passive pitch control methods, pitch angle of blade is controlled by centrifugal force generated by the balancing mass or spring. In case of active pitch control methods, the pitch angle is controlled through four bar linkages and cam mechanism. In some cases, electrical servomotor is used in the active pitch control method. Active pitch control of blades can be achieved by two ways, namely, collective blade pitch or individual pitch control.
Dynamic performance analysis of grid-connected PMSG based on nonlinear control
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Youssef Errami, Abdellatif Obbadi, Smail Sahnoun
This paper has proposed the MPPT control for the grid-connected wind farm based PMSG and 5L-NPC. Nonlinear control SM and the VC have been combined to achieve the MPPT, to keep the dc link voltage constant and to control the active and reactive powers. The theoretical sufficient conditions have been driven in terms of stability based on Lyapunov stability theory. Also, Pitch Control strategy has been employed to prevent wind turbine damage in case of high wind speed. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies has been demonstrated by simulation results for a 4-MW wind farm based PMSG. So, the proposed controllers secure the maximum energy extraction from available wind power, the pitch angles are fixed at 0° and the power performance coefficients of the turbines are fixed at their maximum value, around 0.4l. In addition, the voltage of the dc bus capacitor is regulated toward its reference of 1800 V. The simulation results demonstrate that the combined control method shows very good dynamic and stable state performance and works very well.
Wind turbine output power forecasting based on temporal convolutional neural network and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Huajian Yang, Wangqiang Niu, Xiaotong Wang, Wei Gu
Pitch angle. The pitch angle refers to the angle between the blades of the wind turbine and the plane of the wind turbine. The wind turbine adopts variable pitch control and adjusts the power of the blade to optimize energy capture. During the normal operation of the wind turbine, when the wind speed exceeds the rated wind speed of the unit, to control the power output, the pitch angle is limited to 0 degrees to 30 degrees, and the rotation speed of the wind wheel is kept constant by controlling the angle of the blades. Stopping under any circumstances will cause the blades to feather to the 90-degree position, and the blades will feather to the 91-degree limit position when the emergency feathering command is executed.