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Laser-Plasma XUV Sources
Published in M.B. Hooper, Laser-Plasma Interactions 4, 2020
Being more specific we can identify the following topics for such applications.Radiative Diagnostics of Laser-Produced Plasmas(12)Time Resolved Applications using Single Pulse High Brightness SourcesDiffraction studies in solid state physicsDiffraction studies of biological systemsX-ray topographyContact x-ray microscopyX-ray absorption studiesX-ray fluorescence studiesMeasurements using Low Energy and Repetitive XUV PulsesTransient measurements in atomic and molecular scienceTransient measurements in photochemistry and photobiologySurface scienceScanning x-ray microscopyX-ray lithographyX-ray calibration
Spatial representations of melanopic light in architecture
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2021
Philippe Lalande, Claude M. H. Demers, Jean-François Lalonde, André Potvin, Marc Hébert
Wellbeing is closely linked to the availability of daylight at high latitudes (Arendt 2012), because light generates a non-image-forming, biological response affecting the human circadian clock (Viola et al. 2008; Arendt 2010). Overcast sky conditions furthermore amplify the influence of latitude on outdoor illuminance (Brown and DeKay 2014). Photobiology, which is the study of the impact of light on living organisms, shows that the biological response consists in the syncing of rhythms such as sleep-wake cycle, mood, hormones, core body temperature and alertness (Martin et al. 2012; Viola et al. 2008). This biological response is mostly produced by melanopsin photopigments, while daytime vision is mostly produced by photopsin photopigments. This paper refers to the wavelength intervals corresponding to their sensitivity curves as ‘melanopic light’ and ‘photopic light’, respectively peaking around 480 and 555 nm. This research follows a photobiological approach to architectural design in northern regions (Parsaee et al. 2019). Buildings in high-latitude climates generally consist of an opaque envelope with few or small windows for energy efficiency reasons or security reasons (Hemmersam 2016). The resulting living spaces remain somewhat independent of the exterior in terms of daylighting, and scarcely integrate the natural environment and its physiological benefits on wellbeing. Increasing the amount of daylight in interior spaces would help improve the relationship with the outside, and therefore with the land (Pressman 1996). Moreover, by its intensity, colour and direction, daylight can provide information about the exterior atmospheric conditions related to daily and seasonal cycles. Daylit spaces are thus more likely to support psychological and physiological wellbeing (Webb 2006; Boubekri et al. 2014; Sakhare and Ralegaonkar 2014). Recent research in the fields of medicine and photobiology (Brainard et al. 2001; Thapan, Arendt, and Skene 2001; Lucas et al. 2014) has led researchers in architectural daylighting to integrate newly developed melanopic metrics into architecture (Andersen, Mardaljevic, and Lockley 2012; Bellia and Seraceni 2013; Konis 2017; Ámundadóttir et al. 2017; Chen, Zhang, and Du 2019), such as Circadian Potential (%) and melanopic lux (Eml). However, the main research focus has so far mainly provided comparisons of melanopic illuminance over different periods of day and view orientations. Few have attempted a spatiotemporal photographic mapping of melanopic luminance (Jung 2017; Ewing, Haymaker, and Edelstein 2017), and whenever proposed, those mappings remain partial, either for a specific time of day or for a single view orientation.