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Design and Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators
Published in Levent Aydin, H Seçil Artem, Selda Oterkus, Designing Engineering Structures Using Stochastic Optimization Methods, 2020
Erhan Nergiz, Levent Aydin, Durmuş Uygun, Nilay Kucukdogan, Yucel Cetinceviz
Permanent magnet generators are investigated in three types as in-runner rotor, out-runner rotor, and axial flux according to the rotor structure [8]. In in-runner rotor generators, rotor resides the inside of the generator where the magnets are placed and stator is located on the outer face of the generator and vice versa for the out-runner rotor generators.
UAS Subsystem Nexus: The Electrical System
Published in Douglas M. Marshall, R. Kurt Barnhart, Eric Shappee, Michael Most, Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 2016
Because the permanent magnets of an inrunner BLDC are located on the output shaft of the motor, the rotating mass is located close to the axis of rotation and the rotor, in comparison to that of an outrunner design, and tends to spin considerably faster. (For an explanation, the reader can review the discussion in the section “The law of conservation of angular momentum in the helicopter aerodynamics” provided in Chapter 10.) Consequently, these may be suitable to directly drive a small rotor in a ducted fan propulsor, or will require gear reduction to reduce rpm and increase torque to rotate a larger propeller. Inrunners may be slightly more efficient than outrunners, which can contribute to improved endurance and range. Another advantage of the inrunner design is the compactness associated with a housing of smaller diameter, which can result in reduced fuselage diameter and less drag. On the other hand, outrunners also afford advantages to the UAS designer. Because the permanent magnets of outrunner motors are located in the housing, the propeller or rotor is mounted directly to the rotating motor case. In comparison to an inrunner, this characteristic creates a much greater rotating mass located further from the center of rotation, which means that outrunners spin more slowly while producing greater torque. No gear reduction is generally necessary. Because the outrunner stator is interior to the motor, the windings and internals can be sealed to protect them from the environment. Moreover, outrunner windings are not subjected to centrifugal loading that may extend motor life, and air cooling of the windings is often not necessary, since heat can be dissipated by conduction. Both inrunners and outrunners provide the propulsive force for sUAS. For example, both the AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven (Figure 11.6) and UAV Factory Penguin BE use integral planetary gear reduction systems incorporated into inrunner propulsors, whereas the Aeryon Labs Scout quadcopter uses four outrunners to produce both lift and thrust.
Solar PV Combined Efficient Torque Control of BLDC Motor Using Salp Swarm Optimization
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
G. Jayabaskaran, S. Suresh, B. Gopinath, M. Geetha
The proposed system with this technique is suitable for both out-runner and in-runner motor types. Out-runner motors have a rotating cylindrical stator and a stationary armature, while in-runner motors have a stationary stator and a rotating armature. Both motor types can benefit from this technique because it can be used to control the torque and speed of the motor, as well as to regulate the current applied to the motor. For example, this technique can be used to reduce the current applied to an out-runner motor when it is running at a constant speed, thereby reducing the amount of power consumed by the motor and improving its efficiency. Similarly, this technique can be used to adjust the torque and speed of an in-runner motor, allowing it to be used in applications requiring precise control of the motor’s output. Furthermore, this technique can also be used to reduce the amount of noise produced by both types of motors, making them more suitable for use in noise-sensitive applications.