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Introduction
Published in Anjan K. Deb, Power Line Ampacity System, 2017
Another recent development in transmission line conductor technology is the integration of optical fiber communication technology in the manufacture of powerline conductors. In an Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) system, a fiberoptic cable is placed inside the core of the overhead ground wire. In certain transmission line applications, the fiberoptic cable is placed inside the core of the power conductor. Communication by fiber optics offers a noise-free system of data communication in the electric utility environment since communication by optical fiber is unaffected by electromagnetic disturbances. The different types of conductors are shown in Figure 1.10. Important physical properties of the different types of wires used in the manufacture of powerline conductors are given in Appendix B.
SCADA communication
Published in Mini S. Thomas, John D. McDonald, Power System SCADA and Smart Grids, 2017
Mini S. Thomas, John D. McDonald
There are three types of fiber cables available for use in SCADA and smart grid applications. One is optical power ground wire (OPGW) that has an optical fiber core within the ground or shield wire suspended above the transmission lines. All-dielectric self-supporting (ADSS) is another type of cable that has a long span of all-dielectric cable designed to be fastened to high-voltage transmission line towers underneath the power conductors. A third type of cable is wrapped optical cable (WOC) that is usually wrapped around the phase conductor or existing ground/earth wire of the transmission or distribution line. Aerial fiber-optic cable can be fastened to the distribution poles under the power lines.
Distributed Strain Sensors Practical lssues, Solutions And Applications
Published in Arthur H. Hartog, An Introduction to Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors, 2017
BOTDR has been proposed for monitoring overhead power lines, partly in connection with heat detection resulting from lightning strikes, but also strain induced by ice loading [86]. The ground wires that run above the phase conductors in high-voltage transmission lines increasingly frequently incorporate optical fibres for communication [87]; there has been limited use of this channel for sensing. Optically enabled ground wires are known as optical ground wire (OPGW). The information that is required is temperature and the related sag caused by thermal expansion; the latter would result in strain on fibres inside the OPGW insofar as they are coupled to the wire.
Effect of modelling complexities on extreme wind hazard performance of steel lattice transmission towers
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2020
Yousef Mohammadi Darestani, Abdollah Shafieezadeh, Kyunghwa Cha
A sketch of the modelled tower is provided in Figure 10. It is assumed that two lines of three-phase conductors at three cross-arm levels and two lines of neutrals at the top are carried by the tower. Therefore, a total number of eight conductors are carried by the tower. The three-phase conductors have an overall diameter of 28.1 mm with a 1627 kg/km weight. These conductors are called Drake based on US naming system for Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR). In addition, the neutrals are optical ground wires (OPGW) with a diameter of 13.4 mm. The span length of conductors is 258 m.
Effect of Fault Crossing Angle and Location on Seismic Behavior of Transmission Tower-Line System
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Xu Dong, Li Tian, Wenzhe Bi, Chao Li, Juncai Liu
In this investigation, a 1000 kV UHV electrical transmission line located in North China was first targeted from the candidate systems based on the following criteria: (1) detailed design information of the electrical transmission tower-line system is available for development of the FE model, and (2) the system covers a zone with high seismicity. The entire system extends approximately 816.5 km, and traverses three provinces and the Yellow River. Based on the design code (GB 50260–2013 2013), electrical transmission towers are designed for seismic hazards with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.2 g corresponding to an exceedance probability of 10% in 50 years. Given that it is impractical to model the entire transmission line in numerical simulations, only a subsystem with four supporting towers and three spans (i.e. a transmission tower-line system) is identified as the representative prototype for this investigation. Figure 1 depicts a sketch of the selected typical transmission tower-line system, which was widely established in the entire transmission line. As shown, the transmission tower-line system consists of two identical suspension-type towers (designated as Towers 2 and 3), two identical tension-type towers (designated Towers 1 and 4), and three spans (designated as Spans 1, 2 and 3) of the adjacent towers, which are 300, 500 and 300 m long, respectively. Note that the X, Y and Z coordinates are designated as the longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of the transmission tower-line system, respectively. Figure 2 presents the geometric configuration and material properties of the two kinds of supporting towers. As shown, the suspension-type tower has a total height of 102.3 m and a root span of 17.99 m, whereas the` tension-type tower has a total height of 91 m and a root span of 18.12 m. Notably, the towers are fabricated by Q355 and Q420 steel tubes (marked with *) with an elastic modulus of 2.01 × 105 MPa, mass density of 7850 kg/m3, and Poisson’s ratio of 0.3 (GB 50017–2017 2017). The cross-sectional details of the legs and diagonals are also presented in the figure. In addition to the mast, the transmission tower includes three crossarms (designated as the top, median and bottom crossarms) along the vertical direction. Furthermore, the top crossarm supports two ground lines and two conductors, whereas the median and bottom crossarms support two conductors each. The conductors and ground lines have specifications of JL1/LHA1-465/210 and OPGW-185, respectively. Table 1 summarizes the parameters of the conductors and ground lines in detail.