China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Role of IoT and Sensors in Achieving Sustainability
Published in Sherin Zafar, Mohd Abdul Ahad, M. Afshar Alam, Kashish Ara Shakil, Green Automation for Sustainable Environment, 2020
Deepak Kumar Sharma, Shikha Brahmachari, Ishaan Srivastav
Near-field communication (NFC) belongs to the category of short-range wireless communication enabling transmission of data amongst devices by ensuring the devices are only a few inches apart. It establishes bidirectional transmission of data between devices equipped with NFC.NFC contains a tag consisting of a significant amount of data. This tag is only readable or rewritable, and changes can be made using a specific device. NFC operates in three communication modes: passive, active, and peer-to-peer mode. It supports peer-to-peer network topology. NFC works efficiently to connect, maintain, and control IoT devices installed in smart cities, medical and healthcare, workplace, etc. Smart phones integrated with RFID [12] readers make NFC customer-oriented; 13.56 MHz is the frequency band within which the NFC operates. Duration of bits is dependent on the mode of communication, the data transmission rate, and a divisor which exists for a particular mode and transmission rate.
From Machine-to-Machine Communications to Internet of Things: Enabling Communication Technologies
Published in Hongjian Sun, Chao Wang, Bashar I. Ahmad, From Internet of Things to Smart Cities, 2017
Hamidreza Shariatmadari, Sassan Iraji, Riku Jäntti
NFC is a bidirectional communication technology based on ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 18000-3 specifications [9], [27]. The former specification defines the smart cards utilized for storing information, while the latter specification determines the communication for NFC devices. The NFC devices are categorized as active and passive. A passive device, e.g., an NFC tag, can only provide information for other devices, without the ability to obtain information from others. An active device, can read a passive device and alter the stored information if it is authorized. Additionally, it can exchange data with other active devices. NFC operates in 13.56 MHz band and provides transmission rates ranging from 106 to 424 kbps. The communication range is limited to a few centimeters in order to avoid eavesdropping the data transmissions. An additional level of security is achievable by establishing a secure channel for sending sensitive information. The technology development ensures the interoperability among all NFC products, as well as with other wireless technologies. Nowadays, NFC is embedded in many smart phones to facilitate data sharing and performing payments.
Mobile NFC
Published in Jithesh Sathyan, Anoop Narayanan, Navin Narayan, K V Shibu, A Comprehensive Guide to Enterprise Mobility, 2016
Jithesh Sathyan, Anoop Narayanan, Navin Narayan, K V Shibu
NFC is a collection of short-range (4 cm or less) wireless communication technologies developed for enabling communication and data transfer between two devices that have hardware and software support for this technology. The NFC operating frequency is 13.56 MHz with speed ranging from 106 to 848 kbit/s. This technology is mainly intended for mobile devices. With the introduction of smartphones and new classes of mobile devices such as tablet PCs in the market, wireless data transfer mechanism has become a necessity for the communication of the device with other devices in the physical world. NFC filled this gap and serves as the communication mechanism. NFC would require appropriate hardware and software support in the device. Pluggable NFC modules are now available as micro-SD NFC devices and universal serial bus pluggable NFC devices.
Smart system to create an optimal higher education environment using IDA and IOTs
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2020
Libelium has created an ISO/IEC 14443-A and NFC compliant module for Waspmote. The ISO/IEC 14443-A protocol is widely accepted as the de facto RFID at 13.56 MHz standard. Billions of ISO/IEC14443-A cards have been sold over the world. NFC is an extension of RFID which focuses on communications between smartphones and other advanced devices. NFC is a set of standards based on previous RFID protocols like ISO/IEC 14443-A. There are basically three ways to interact with an RFID card; Libelium’s RFID/NFC module allows the developer to implement three of them’: the RFID/NFC module reads the RFID card’s unique identification (UID);the RFID/NFC module reads the RFID card’s internal memory (16 bytes each time);the RFID/NFC module writes in the RFID card’s internal memory (16 bytes each time).
Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Review of Enabling Technologies, Architecture, and Challenges
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2018
Bhagya Nathali Silva, Murad Khan, Kijun Han
NFC is a set of communication protocols used to communicate between two devices within the range of 10 cm [29]. In general, one device is portable for the purpose of getting the appropriate proximity. Full NFC-enabled device can read information stored in passive NFC tags, exchange information between two NFC-enabled devices and act as a smart card to perform transactions. Thus, it can be stated that NFC acts as an identification and communication technology [32]. Bluetooth is a technology that uses short wavelength radio signals to communicate among devices in a narrow proximity while reducing the power consumption [30]. Bluetooth works according to the master–slave architecture, and is primarily designed for low power consumption. The communication range varies with the propagation conditions, antenna configuration, battery conditions, etc.
Supporting People with Visual Impairments in Cultural Heritage: Survey and Future Research Directions
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Stella Sylaiou, Christos Fidas
Garrido et al. (2012) present an application developed to help blind or visually impaired people to move around different rooms in a museum (Baena Olive-Grove and Olive Oil Museum) and obtain information through audio, about the objects that surround them by touching them with their NFC mobile device. NFC is described as a combination of contactless identification and interconnection technologies that enable secure short-range communications between electronic devices. This instance or research is indicative of the often blurred line between monomodal audio aids focusing on exhibits, with those approaches primarily facilitating free movement in museum spaces.