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Induction Machines
Published in Zeki Uğurata Kocabiyikoğlu, Electromechanical Energy Conversion, 2020
Figures 9.7, 9.8, and 9.13 are plots of torque against speed derived from equation 9.8. Maximum torque will occur when resistor Rr′s draws maximum power. According to the maximum power transfer theorem, when the angle of the load impedance is fixed, maximum power transfer to the load will occur when the magnitude of the source impedance is equal to the magnitude of the load impedance. Here, Zsource is given by the following equation: Zsource=Rth+jXth+jXr′
Network Laws and Theorems
Published in Wai-Kai Chen, Circuit Analysis and Feedback Amplifier Theory, 2018
Ray R. Chen, Artice M. Davis, Marwan A. Simaan
In this context, we introduce three important and related theorems known as the superposition, the Thévenin and the Norton theorems. The superposition theorem shows how to solve for a variable in a circuit that has many independent sources, by solving simpler circuits, each excited by only one source. The Thévenin and Norton theorems can be used to replace a portion of a circuit at any two terminals by an equivalent circuit which consists of a voltage source in series with a resistor (i.e., a nonideal voltage source) or a current source in parallel with a resistor (i.e., a nonideal current source). Another important result derived in this section concerns the calculation of power dissipated in a load resistor connected to a circuit. This result is known as the maximum power transfer theorem, and is frequently used in circuit design problems. Finally, a result known as the reciprocity theorem is also discussed.
Linear Circuit Analysis
Published in Richard C. Dorf, Circuits, Signals, and Speech and Image Processing, 2018
Michael D. Ciletti, J. David Irwin, Allan D. Kraus, Norman Balabanian, Theodore A. Bickart, Shu-Park Chan, Norman S. Nise
The maximum power transfer theorem pertains to the connections of a load to the Thévenin equivalent of a source network in such a manner as to transfer maximum power to the load. For a given network operating at a prescribed voltage with a Thévenin equivalent impedance ZT=|ZT|∠θT
Design and simulation of a novel 3-point star rectifying antenna for RF energy harvesting at 2.4 GHz
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
J. O Olowoleni, C. O. A Awosope, A. U Adoghe, Okoyeigbo Obinna, Udochukwu Ebubechukwu Udo
The matching network is another important part of the rectenna circuit which plays a crucial role particularly in the contest of ensuring maximum power transfer from the antenna to the load, and minimizing signal reflection. According to Jacobi’s theorem (a.k.a maximum power transfer theorem), the condition for ensuring maximum power transfer to the load is that the input impedance to the load must be “conjugate matched” to the output impedance of the corresponding source (antenna) (Fotopoulou & Flynn, 2006). This is essentially where the need for a matching network comes in—as it helps in adjusting, particularly, the load impedance to ensure that it is conjugately matched to the source impedance. This serves to avert (or at least minimize) signal reflection from the load, improve the Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR), linearize the frequency response, as well as reduce the amplitude and phase errors. All of these consequently serve to minimize signal losses and enhance the quality of power reception at the load.
Investigation of Thermoelectric Generator with Power Converter for Energy Harvesting Applications
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Rakesh Thankakan, Edward Rajan Samuel Nadar
In order to verify the performance of the proposed system, a Matlab-Simulink model is developed and implemented for a thermocouple, TEM and TEM with power converter. The TEM with a maximum load output power of 2.72 W corresponding to a of 170°C (product code: GM200-127-10-15) from European Thermodynamics limited formed of 127 thermocouples is considered in this study. According, to the Maximum power transfer theorem, the maximum power can be extracted from TEM when the load resistance is equal to the internal resistance of TEM.
Global maximum power point tracking of solar PV strings using the teaching learning based optimisation technique
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
T. Nagadurga, P. V. R. L. Narasimham, V. S. Vakula
The increase in energy demand and scarcity of fossil fuels and hike in fuels prices have made mandatory to look for alternative energies such as renewable energies e.g. solar, wind, etc. In India, the total solar PV installation capacity is 129 GW in the year 2019. The global solar PV market gave the statistical data that there is 25% growth in PV installation in the year 2019. The growth of renewable energy has been impressive because of its emission of low carbon energy. Some areas not only switch to renewable energy installation also start to move from conventional power plants. Solar power is affordable for the generation of electricity for utility purposes. Apart from the benefits of generating maximum power from the PV panel, there are uncertainties such as climate changes and partial shading conditions that are considered. The incident solar irradiation is converted into electricity (DC) by the photovoltaic effect using a semiconductor material referred to as the solar cell. To fulfil the energy needs, more number of cells are used in the arrangement to build the voltage and parallely to expand the current there by developing the PV module and various modules are used in the arrangement and parallelly to shape a cluster. Some researchers suggested that a maximum power point was found at specific point on the P-V curve which yields maximum power. Thus, it is a challenge to researchers to trace that point which changes with weather conditions. Considering the maximum power transfer theorem, the power transferred by the circuit is maximum when the load impedance (ZL) matches with source impedance (ZS). Hence, our problem of tracking maximum power lessens due to the impedance matching problem. To match the load resistance to that of the solar panel’s internal resistance, a boost converter is connected at the source side and also to enhance the output voltage by changing the duty cycle appropriately. But the solar system is either used to connect to the grid or used for water pumping application which requires large voltage at the output, so we use a boost converter. Different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are presented in the literature like the conventional and optimisation (heuristics methods) approach. Conventional methods are classified such as the hill climbing method, Perturb & Observe (P&O) method, and incremental conductance method and modified incremental conductance method. The P&O method is the most used method because of its simplicity and ease of implementation. Various algorithms were used by many authors to improve the maximum power extraction at different parameters such as speed, angle of tracking and design of the solar tracking system. To remove these pitfalls natured inspired algorithms were developed by the authors based on optimisation techniques.