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Microwave Transmission
Published in Stephen Horan, Introduction to PCM Telemetering Systems, 2017
The link designer performs a link analysis with the goal of determining if the transmitter and receiver systems are matched and provide sufficient signal energy at the receiver to achieve the desired Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) (analog) or Energy-per-Bit-to-Noise-Spectral-Density (Eb/No) (digital) performance. Figure 11.19 illustrates the starting channel model between the source and sink points with the channel’s power loss and noise effects; see also [P.341; P.525]. The parameters that affect this analysis areTransmitter and receiver antenna gainsSeparation distance between the transmitter and the receiverTransmitter output powerReceiver noise temperatureAttenuation sources
The Earth Station
Published in Jerry D. Gibson, The Communications Handbook, 2018
produce relatively high-power output over a wide bandwidth. Link budget: A series of calculations used to determine the quality of service that can be expected over a given satellite link. Link budget calculations include transmit power, antenna gain, path (atmospheric) loss, transponder characteristics, and receive system performance. Low-noise amplifier (LNA): A high-gain amplifier, usually of GAsFET design, that amplifies the incoming satellite signal to a level suitable to be fed to the receiver. It is designed to add as little noise as possible to the signal during the amplification process. Low-noise block downconverter (LNB): The same as an LNA except it converts the incoming satellite
Cellular Systems
Published in Lal Chand Godara, Handbook of Antennas in Wireless Communications, 2018
Link budget is a name given to the process of estimating the power at the receiver site for a microwave link taking into account the attenuation caused by the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. This reduction is referred to as the path loss. In free space the path loss is proportional to the second power of the distance; that is, the distance power gradient is two. In other words, by doubling the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, the received power at the receiver reduces to one fourth of the original amount.
Product design improvement by a new similarity-index-based approach in the context of reconfigurable assembly processes
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2020
Paul Stief, Jean-Yves Dantan, Alain Etienne, Ali Siadat, Guillaume Burgat
As stated by Söderberg, Lindkvist, and Carlson (2006), hierarchical models are not suited to visualise all dependencies between the components making use of network representations more recommendable for product analysis. Therefore, the following review (Table 2) focuses on the evaluation of network representations and the hierarchical network of cladistics, briefly defined here below: Liaison graphs visualise a product assembly in a network. Components are represented by nodes and their relations by links between the nodes. A link means that two components are in touch (mechanical assembly or simple contact).Cladistics describe technical feature variation in one product family putting the emphasis not on its chronological but on technical evolution. It is used to support the paradigm of delayed product differentiation (He, Kusiak, and Tseng 1998).Datum Flow Chains represent an evolution of the liaison graphs by adding information about positioning and eliminated degrees of freedom on the arcs. An exhaustive description of the DFC generation with several examples and its applications in industry is presented in (Whitney 2004) and (Mantripragada and Whitney 1998). Liaison graphs furnish only quantitative information about component connections and no data about the relation characteristics. Furthermore, all the mentioned methods are only applied either on one specific product or on one family of very similar products.
Optimal Adaptive Protection Coordination with Inter-Trips and Setting Groups for Meshed Distribution Grids
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Ali Abbasi, Hossein Kazemi Karegar, Tohid Soleymani Aghdam
Generally, Inter-trip links are used between relays at both ends of a line or protection zone where relays are communicating with each other through the link. The link can be in different forms of power line carrier, pilot wires and optical fibers. No synchronous measurement (as in differential protection) is needed and only a low data rate is used. Inter-trip impact on protection coordination can be explained through Figure 3.