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Digital Test Equipment and Measurement Systems
Published in Jerry C. Whitaker, Electronic Systems Maintenance Handbook, 2017
In-circuit testing is primarily a diagnostic tool. It verifies the functionality of the individual components of a subassembly. Each device is checked and failing parts are identified. In-circuit testing, while valuable for detailed component checking, does not operate at the clock rate of the subassembly. Propagation delays, race conditions, and other abnormalities may go undetected. Access to key points on the PWB may be accomplished in one of two ways: Bed of nails. The subassembly is placed on a dedicated test fixture and held in place by a vacuum or mechanical means. Probes access key electrical traces on the subassembly to check individual devices. Through a technique known as backdriving, the inputs of each device are isolated from the associated circuitry and the component is tested for functionality. This type of testing is expensive and is only practical for high-volume subassembly qualification testing and rework.PWB clips. Intended for lower volume applications than a bed of nails instrument, PWB clips replace the dedicated test fixture. The operator places the clips on the board as directed by the instrument. As access to all components simultaneously is not required, the tester is less hardware-intensive and programming is simplified. Many systems include a library of software routines designed to test various classes of devices. Test instruments using PWB clips tend to be slow. Test times for an average PWB may range from 8 to 20 min vs. one min or less for a bed of nails.
Environmental factors and testing
Published in Stephen Sangwine, Electronic Components and Technology, 2018
The need for environmental and electromagnetic testing, and the difficulty of testing exhaustively for all possible conditions, has been outlined. The chapter has concluded by introducing the three main types of test applied to production units: in-circuit testing to verify that components have been correctly assembled into a circuit, functional testing to verify that a system operates as intended, and stress testing or screening to detect units with latent manufacturing or component defects.
Finding Cost Reductions
Published in Kim H. Pries, Jon M. Quigley, Reducing Process Costs with Lean, Six Sigma, and Value Engineering Techniques, 2012
In the electronics industry, in-circuit testing allows for high-speed and relatively thorough testing of printed circuit boards, particularly those that have just received reflow soldering. In one facility, we eliminated open/shorts testers in favor of in-circuit testers to our benefit—the ICT can check much more than the simple continuity check performed by an opens/shorts tester.
Ranking dispatching rules in multi-objective dynamic flow shop scheduling: a multi-faceted perspective
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
The flowshop environment is encountered in a number of actual production systems, many of which are related to the electronics industry, such as integrated circuit fabrication (Liu and Chang 2000) and ceramic capacitor production (Yang, Kuo, and Chang 2004). Other applications appear in pharmaceuticals (Boukef, Benrejeb, and Borne 2007), automotive manufacturing (Xu and Zhou 2009), photographic film production (Aghezzaf and Van Landeghem 2002), and in novel applications like cooperative robotics (Sadik and Urban 2017). Some variants of the flowshop, occasionally hybridised with other systems, are also frequently found in the electronics industry. These include mainly printed circuit board production, integrated circuit packaging, and integrated circuit testing (Pearn et al. 2004). The use of DRs occurs in many real world applications (Ozturk, Bahadir, and Teymourifar 2019), particularly in semiconductor manufacturing (Heger et al. 2016; Manupati et al. 2016).