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The Iconography of Vehicle Automation – A Focus Group Study
Published in Neville A. Stanton, Kirsten M. A. Revell, Patrick Langdon, Designing Interaction and Interfaces for Automated Vehicles, 2021
Joy Richardson, Kirsten M. A. Revell, Jisun Kim, Neville A. Stanton
The use of pictures to convey meaning is one of the oldest forms of communication; prior to the invention of written languages, these pictures would be used to record history and tell stories (Horton 1994; Moser 1998). As shown in Figure 11.1, icons are a way of using pictures to deliver a specific message and are formed of several elements which can include a border, a background and text but are focused on the pictorial element, known as the symbol (Carney, Campbell and Mitchell 1998). Studies have shown that the well-designed icons can be recognised more quickly and accurately than textual displays (Horton 1994; Carney, Campbell and Mitchell 1998; Green 1993; Baber and Wankling 1992). They also have the benefit of consuming less space than text, of particular importance on the small and busy real estate of a screen (Green 1993; Baber and Wankling 1992), and, if well designed, can be universally understood and language independent (McDougall, de Brujin and Curry 2000; Chanwimalueng and Rapeepisarn 2013; Zwaga and Mijksenaar 2000).
Cloud VR Terminals
Published in Huaping Xiong, Dawei Li, Kun Huang, Mu Xu, Yin Huang, Lingling Xu, Jianfei Lai, Shengjun Qian, Cloud VR, 2020
Huaping Xiong, Dawei Li, Kun Huang, Mu Xu, Yin Huang, Lingling Xu, Jianfei Lai, Shengjun Qian
The UI of cloud VR terminals can be customized. The home screen will display various VR content, as well as basic settings such as file management, connections, user center and cache clearing. The main page should be user friendly, as follows: The UI should be simple and clear.The UI background should be visually beautiful and immersive.Basic icons, such as battery level and the back button, should comply with standard design and be easy to understand.Icons in the virtual environment should be positioned at a suitable and comfortable distance from the user’s eyes.Customizable design should enable, for example, background and application icons to be customized by users (Figure 5.21).
Adopting the audible alert system for the electronic chart display and information system for improvement of early navigational situation awareness
Published in Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 2020
Inchul Kim, Soyeong Lee, Ikhyun Youn
The auditory signals can be classified into a speech alarm, an abstract sound alarm, and an environmental sound alarm suggested as an auditory icon. Icons are small objects composed of pictures to visually represent the results of various events or actions that occur in the process of operating a computer. Gaver (1997) proposed the concept of “auditory icon” as one of the strategies for mapping the meaning and sound of an object in an auditory interface. In other words, a specific sound is reproduced based on the sound commonly heard in everyday life, and mapping with information as a similarly emerging meaning is performed.
Evaluating Visual Consistency of Icon Usage in Across-Devices
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Xiaojiao Chen, Xiaoteng Tang, Ying Zhao, Tengyu Huang, Ran Qian, Jiayi Zhang, Wei Chen, Xiaosong Wang
Icons are a popular element of user interfaces (UIs), which graphically represent different operations and functions. Several studies in the literature have shown the importance of icons for cognitive performance and perception capabilities (Cao et al., 2020; Hochheiser & Lazar, 2007). Particularly, some of the features (e.g., unambiguity, discriminability, and uniqueness) contribute to efficient visual perception (Jylhä & Hamari, 2019). This study categorizes how icons are perceived into three levels based on perceived difficulty. Low-level perception refers to the visual information that users can obtain directly, such as icon shape (Satcharoen, 2019), size, density (Shen et al., 2015), color (Hsieh, 2017; Ya-Feng et al., 2022), and numerosity (Grobelny et al., 2005). These features are called sensory stimulators which contribute to the perception process, and this stage refers to the direct reflection of the visual features of an icon. Medium-level perceptions are about the semantics (Jylhä & Hamari, 2019; Wu et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2021), complexity (Hsieh, 2017), and attention (Ding et al., 2020; Mu et al., 2022; Wickens, 2021) conveyed by the icon, namely, the user can perceive an appropriate function (Healey & Enns, 2012) through the visual expression of the icon. For example, Lin et al. (2016) identified the relationships between the attention of users and various presentation modes of icons. High-level perceptions, including aesthetics (Jylhä & Hamari, 2019), memorability (Shen et al., 2018), emotions (Yanagisawa et al., 2016), and engagement (Saket et al., 2016), are user feelings based on the perception of icon features in reflective and interpretive engagement. In this article, we conduct experiments to investigate the effect of two low-level visual perceptions, including icon spacing and size.