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Network Protocol Architectures
Published in Mário Marques da Silva, Cable and Wireless Networks, 2018
A router is a layer 3 device that is used to interconnect two or more networks. In addition, its two or more interfaces are normally of different types, that is, the DLL protocols in each of the interfaces are different. As an example, a router is normally used to interconnect a domestic Ethernet LAN with a WAN, which allows reaching the Internet service provider (ISP).† The router is connected to adjacent devices using different links‡ (at the DLL level). In the example of Figure 2.18, the router has two network interface cards (NIC). Each NIC is connected to each of the networks to which the router is connected to. Moreover, each NIC presents a different IP address.
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Published in Phillip A. Laplante, Dictionary of Computer Science, Engineering, and Technology, 2017
Internet service provider (ISP) any entity, such as a company, university, or organization, that provides Internet access to individual users, businesses, and other customers or constituents. America Online (AOL) is the world’s largest ISP.
INTERconnected NETwork: Internet
Published in Akshi Kumar, Web Technology, 2018
Internet service provider (ISP) offers Internet accounts to configure the network connections either by using a dial-up access, high-speed access, or wireless access. Dial-up access: Dial-Up Connection works over an ordinary phone line, using analog modems establishing the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). As the personal computers are mostly equipped with analog modems, there is usually no additional money needed for hardware.High-speed access: A high-speed connection also known as the broadband connection comprises of divergent options such as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Lines, leased line, and cable Internet connections. DSL is a family of all-digital, high-speed lines that use normal phone wires with special modems. ISDN lines, like DSL lines, are all-digital, high-speed phone lines that provide a faster way to connect to the Internet. To connect your computer to an ISDN line, you need an ISDN adapter. DSL is most commonly used in the United States whereas ISDN is widely used in Europe. Similarly, a leased-line account can be opted which provides a point-to-point, high speed communication line that directly connects your computer to your ISP’s network. It is suitable if an organization may need to transfer very large amounts of data or run Internet server software. More recently, major ISPs and online services, like EarthLink and AOL, had made deals with cable TV companies to provide cable Internet access. The cable modem allows the same network that brings you variety of TV channels get millions of websites. Finally, Digital Satellite Systems (DSS), or direct broadcast satellite is a method by which Internet content is downloaded to a satellite dish and then transmitted directly from the dish to the user’s PC.Wireless access: Another way to connect to the Internet is via a Wireless access using Wi-Fi technology. A Wi-Fi enabled device, such as a PC, game console, cell phone, MP3 player, or personal data assistant (PDA), can connect to the Internet when its within range of a wireless network connected to the Internet.
Smart metering and systems for low-energy households: challenges, issues and benefits
Published in Advances in Building Energy Research, 2019
Benqiang Yang, Shuli Liu, Mark Gaterell, Yang Wang
Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization which could provide services to access and use the internet. ISP might be organized in diverse forms such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit or otherwise privately owned. ISPs provide internet access, which apply a range of technologies to connect users to their network (Quach, Jebarajakirthy, & Thaichon, 2016).