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New tool constructions for polishing surface of granite facing tool program in construction
Published in Evgeny Rybnov, Pavel Akimov, Merab Khalvashi, Eghiazar Vardanyan, Contemporary Problems of Architecture and Construction, 2021
P. Rajczyk, K. Bednarczyk, S. Evtyukov
In order to determine the quality of surface polishing, it is advisable to develop a methodology for measuring the degree, including the classification of surface polishing, using gloss meters. These devices are designed to measure the amount of light reflected. The principle of operation of the gloss meter is based on the fact that the device emits a beam of white, non-polarized light at a specific angle measured between the straight line parallel to the light beam and the perpendicular to the tested surface. There are devices with a geometry of 20°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 85°. The geometry in this case is the angle of light emission measured on the test surface. The light beam is reflected from the measured surface and enters the measuring device, which measures its intensity; the smaller the difference between the emitted and reflected light intensity (with the same geometry), the greater the gloss. The result of the measurement is a part (given in%) of the amount of light emitted (i.e. 100%) by the gloss meter. Often the percentage (%) is converted into points (points) for simplicity. In order to obtain the correct measurement results, the following rule is applied: for high gloss, low measurement geometry (20° angle) is used, and for low-gloss, matt surfaces, high geometry (85° angle). The basic standards for measuring gloss are defined in the following standards: ASTM D 2457, DIN EN ISO 2813 and DIN 67530.
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Published in Joseph C. Salamone, Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia, 2020
Appearance, represented by surface gloss, is an important property sometimes controlling a value of the final product. It is known that appearance widely changes according to molding conditions such as temperature, injection speed, and so on. It is also known that surface gloss becomes better by using a HIPS made of small gel particles.6 Thus it tends to be thought that to obtain a product with high gloss is a matter of injection molding technique or mold design. Therefore, there are a few publications discussing the relationship between surface gloss and HIPS structure. However, there is no question that a good appearance, especially high gloss itself, is a valuable property, and gloss affects the result of printing or painting, as well.
Agribusiness residues: Water absorption and mechanical behavior of their composites
Published in Cândida Vilarinho, Fernando Castro, Margarida Gonçalves, Ana Luísa Fernando, Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III, 2019
P.H.L.S.P. Domingues, J.R.M. d’Almeida
Even if aging does not affect mechanical properties, the use of a material may be impaired if its surface characteristics are markedly affected. For example, if a material is used for surface finishing, gloss may be an important aesthetic feature. Therefore, the variation of the visual aspect of the composites due to aging was evaluated by measuring the gloss of the specimens. The test was performed using the ASTM D 523 standard. The measurements were made at the angles of 20°, 60°, and 85° using a T&M 268 Model Gloss Meter. This analysis was performed with the as-manufactured samples and with the samples aged for 4,440 hours.
Finishing performance of Acacia mangium wood surface-treated with methanol
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2022
Redzuan Mohammad Suffian James, Paridah Md Tahir, Lee Seng Hua, Ummi Hani Abdullah, Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup, Norwahyuni Mohd Yusof, Izwan Johari
Gloss is the measurement of the reflectance of the specular light of the coated surface. In gloss measurement tests, beam light is directed towards the coated surface at certain perpendicular angles. The percentage of the beam which is reflected at the same angle is measured by the photocell. Generally, the wood industry uses the 60° angle of reflection. Other commonly used measurement angles are 20° and 85°. The 20° angle of measurement can be used when measuring gloss units above 70°; the 85° angle is used when measuring gloss below 10°. The classification of lacquers according to gloss ratings depends on the ability of the surface to bounce back a varying amount of light beamed on it, and these readings show the relative reflectivity of the coated surface compared to the smooth, flat mirror.[11]
The effect of polishing protocol on surface gloss of different restorative resin composites
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2020
Lippo Lassila, Eija Säilynoja, Roosa Prinssi, Pekka K. Vallittu, Sufyan Garoushi
Gloss is an important property and is used primarily as a measure of surface shine [6]. The gloss of a surface may be defined as its degree of approach to a mirror surface. A perfect mirror surface is said to have maximum gloss [6]. It has been suggested that SG can be determined by both the intrinsic characteristics of the RC and the finishing and polishing procedures [7]. Thus, a successful composite restoration requires not only care for restorative material selection, with ideal esthetics and mechanical strength characteristics, but also care with respect to the choice of the finishing and polishing protocol [1,8]. Several finishing and polishing protocols are available on the market, including diamond burs, rubber cups, discs and abrasive pastes [8–10]. Many researchers have studied the polishability of different polishing protocols on the surfaces of various commercial RCs [8–14]. Some studies have indicated that aluminum oxide disks produce smoother surfaces when compared with diamond burs, tungsten carbide drills and rubber cups associated with polishing pastes [11–14]. Usually, the polishing protocols have been evaluated according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. However, the manufacturers rarely support their recommendations with objective investigations that have proven the suggested protocol to be superior to others. Therefore, it would be helpful to compare the clinical polishing protocols with sequences of standardized laboratory-machine polishing protocols to supply quantitative proof for the suggested procedure.
Multi-criteria decision-making methodology for the selection of cargo hold coating for bulk carriers
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2019
Ioannis Arabatzis, Ioannis Skordas, Dimitrios Skordas, Lampros Nikolopoulos, Petros Kousiounelos, Evangelos Boulougouris
Gloss is the attribute of surfaces that causes them to have shiny or lustrous, metallic or matte appearances (Marrion 2017). It is attributed to the reflection of the incident light. A gloss metre is an instrument, which is used to measure specular reflection gloss of a surface. Gloss is determined by projecting a beam of light at a fixed intensity and angle onto a surface and measuring the amount of reflected light at an equal but opposite angle. For this study, GL0030 TQC PolyGloss 60o/20o/85o gloss metre was used. The incident light beam was set at 60o.