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Exchange of Thermal Radiation among Nondiffuse Nongray Surfaces
Published in John R. Howell, M. Pinar Mengüç, Kyle Daun, Robert Siegel, Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 2020
John R. Howell, M. Pinar Mengüç, Kyle Daun, Robert Siegel
When reflection is diffuse, the directional history of the incident radiation is lost upon reflection, and the reflected energy has the same directional distribution as if it had been absorbed and diffusely re-emitted. For specular reflection, the reflection angle relative to the surface normal is equal in magnitude to the angle of incidence. Hence, the directional history of the incident radiation is not lost upon reflection. When dealing with specular surfaces, it is necessary to consider the specific directional paths that the reflected radiation follows between surfaces.
Physical Laws of Solar–Thermal Energy Harvesting
Published in Ashutosh Kumar Dubey, Amartya Mukhopadhyay, Bikramjit Basu, Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, 2020
Ashutosh Kumar Dubey, Amartya Mukhopadhyay, Bikramjit Basu
The law of reflection states that in case of specular reflection, the incident angle is equal to the angle of reflectance. Typically, the example of specular reflection is the interaction of an EM wave with a mirror, where the major amount of incident wavelength gets reflected back into the acceptance angle (φ).
Introduction
Published in Qiu Xiaojun, An Introduction to Virtual Sound Barriers, 2019
When a propagating sound wave encounters a different medium or space discontinuity in the media, reflection, diffraction, and/or transmission of waves occur, where the incident wave arriving at the boundary interacts with it to produce waves traveling away from the boundary (Morfey, 2001). The reflected wave or scattered waves follow certain rules. For example, for the specular reflection in which a plane incident wave is reflected by a uniform plane boundary, the normal wave number component of the incident field is reversed on reflection, and the wave number component parallel to the boundary is unaltered, so the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. Figure 1.1 summarizes the relationships of different kinds of energy when a propagating wave is incident upon a layer of porous material. The total input energy brought from the incident wave is Ei, which is equal to the summation of Er, Es, Ea and Et, i.e., the energy reflected and scattered from the boundary, the energy dissipated inside the porous material layer, and the energy transmitted through the layer.
Morphological Box Classification Framework for supporting 3D scanner selection
Published in Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2018
W. L. K. Nguyen, A. Aprilia, A. Khairyanto, W. C. Pang, G. G. L. Seet, S. B. Tor
When an optical wave reflects off any surface, there are two forms of reflection, which are specular and diffuse reflection. Specular reflection is the mirror-like reflection of waves, where the incident ray and reflected ray have the same angle to the surface normal. Diffuse reflection is the reflection of waves in many directions, or angles, due to the scattering of the waves. When scanning a typical surface, the receiver usually captures a reflected wave reflected by diffuse reflection, as the receiver is seldom at the same angle away from the surface normal as the optical source. However, in the case of a reflective surface, the specular reflection is the dominant form of reflection, with little diffuse reflection (Figure 1(e)). This leads to little or no reflected energy captured by the receiver, and cause the same problem as black or dark-coloured surfaces.
In vivo assessment of gloss from surfaces of complex shapes: the particular case of the human tooth
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2018
S. S. Chitko, J. S. Kulkarni, A. S. Kulkarni, R.B. Kuril
Specular reflection is commonly seen as a reflection from a mirror (Figure 1(a)). The surface being flat, reflected light is seen at the same angle as that of incidence. Therefore, the light intensity in any other direction is zero. Thus in specular reflection, the reflecting object itself is not seen. Glossy edges are seen as an image of the light source and not the object itself. Hence to generate specular gloss the surface needs to be flat.