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Build Your Own Arduino Board from Scratch
Published in Anudeep Juluru, Shriram K. Vasudevan, T. S. Murugesh, fied!, 2023
Anudeep Juluru, Shriram K. Vasudevan, T. S. Murugesh
An electronic oscillator is nothing but an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating electronic signal. Some of the commonly used electronic oscillators are RC oscillator and LC oscillator. These oscillators can be used to generate both low and high frequencies, but the main problem with these oscillators is that their oscillation frequency varies with temperature, power supply voltage or even with a slight change in component values. So, crystal oscillators are used in applications where high accuracy and stability are required. These are used in clocks, microcontrollers and in most of the ICs. These oscillators can generate frequencies from a few kilo Hz to 100s of mega Hz. A crystal oscillator is also an electronic oscillator that uses a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material for generating an electrical signal with constant frequency. There are many naturally occurring crystals with the piezoelectric property like Rochelle salt, Quartz, Tourmaline, etc. Among them Quartz is the most commonly used crystal because of its easy availability, low cost, mechanical strength and piezoelectricity compared to other crystals. Crystal oscillators work on the principle of inverse piezoelectric effect, a property in which the shape of the material slightly changes under an electric field. The Arduino Uno board uses a 16 MHz crystal oscillator as shown in Figure 21.3 for providing clock signals to the microcontroller.
Introduction to Customized Board with 8051 Microcontroller and NuttyFi/ESP8266
Published in Anita Gehlot, Rajesh Singh, Praveen Kumar Malik, Lovi Raj Gupta, Bhupendra Singh, Internet of Things with 8051 and ESP8266, 2020
Anita Gehlot, Rajesh Singh, Praveen Kumar Malik, Lovi Raj Gupta, Bhupendra Singh
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit, which is used for the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material. It will create an electrical signal with a given frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time for example: wrist watches are used in digital integrated circuits to provide a stable clock signal and also used to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. Quartz crystal is mainly used in radio-frequency (RF) oscillators. Quartz crystal is the most common type of piezoelectric resonator; in oscillator circuits we are using them so it became known as crystal oscillators. Crystal oscillators must be designed to provide a load capacitance, as shown in Figure 4.6.
Silicon Carbide Oscillators for Extreme Environments
Published in Sumeet Walia, Krzysztof Iniewski, Low Power Semiconductor Devices and Processes for Emerging Applications in Communications, Computing, and Sensing, 2018
Daniel R. Brennan, Hua-Khee Chan, Nicholas G. Wright, Alton B. Horsfall
An electronic oscillator is a circuit that produces a repetitive, oscillating signal, converting a direct current (DC) power supply into an alternating current (AC) signal. The shape of the required signal waveform depends on the application for which the oscillator is designed and typical examples include the generation of clock pulses for digital electronics [8], pulse width–modulated switching waveforms for switch mode power supplies [9] and radio frequency (RF) signals for wireless electronic communications [10]. A significant number of oscillator circuits have been realized; however, they can be categorized into two main types: the nonlinear oscillator and the linear or harmonic oscillator.
Robust ℒ2 disturbance attenuation for a class of uncertain Lipschitz nonlinear systems with input delay
Published in International Journal of Control, 2019
Zongyu Zuo, Chunyan Wang, Wen Yang, Zhengtao Ding
Consider the system (6) with The linear nominal part of the system considered represents an oscillator, which covers a wide class of physical systems, like the electronic oscillator that produces a periodic, oscillating electronic signal. The Lipschitz nonlinearity may represent unmodelled or unknown dynamics. The initial condition x(0) = [− 2, 1]T is set in the simulation. The Lipschitz constant γ = g = 0.03 and the delay h = 0.1. With ϵ = μ = ρ = 0.1, κ1 = 1, ε = 5, a feasible solution of the feedback gain K is found to be